National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC

Artium Technologies, Inc.

Julien Manin

William D Bachalo

Khalid M Ibrahim

Gregory Allan Payne

Michael J Fidrich

Kevin Wan

Lyle M Pickett

A combustion system including a combustion mechanism that injects oxygenated fuel into a combustion chamber. The oxygenated fuel mixes with the intake air in the combustion chamber where the air-fuel ratio in a portion of the combustion chamber is stoichiometric. The combustion mechanism includes an ignition mechanism that ignites the air-fuel mixture that generates a threshold number of particulates during combustion of the air-fuel mixture. The combustion system further includes an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) device that recirculates a portion of the exhaust gases back into the combustion chamber. The EGR device recirculates the portion of the exhaust to lower combustion temperature resulting in reduced amount of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust. The combustion system further includes a three-way catalytic converter in line with the exhaust channel to convert a second portion of the exhaust gases, leading to lower pollutant emissions than conventional combustion systems.

Low soot stoichiometric compression-ignition combustion

An apparatus to provide multi-beam imaging of particles includes a plurality of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) configured to generate a plurality of light beams that converge with each other to form a measurement volume within a particle field. The plurality of the VCSELs are configured to provide uniformity in a background illumination of the measurement volume. An imaging optics is coupled to at least one of the plurality of VCSELs. A digital camera is coupled to the imaging optics to obtain a shadow image of a particle passing through the measurement volume at a focal plane of the digital camera. A processor is coupled to the digital camera.

Particle field imaging and characterization using VCSEL lasers for convergent multi-beam illumination

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Livermore, CA, United States of America

Julien Manin