California Institute of Technology

Palo Alto Research Center Inc.

Nfugue

Julia Rosolovsky Greer

Daryl Wei Liang Yee

Lucas R Meza

Lauren C Montemayor

Xun W Gu

Andrey Vyatskikh

Kai Narita

Michael A Citrin

Robert H Grubbs

Harry A Atwater

William S Wong

Andrei Faraon

Rene A Lujan

Harold Frank Greer

Seyedeh Mahsa Kamali

Carl M Blumenfeld

John Thorne

Farzaneh Afshinmanesh

Ognjen Ilic

Dennis M Kochmann

Phillippe Mj Pearson

Michael D Schulz

Dongchan Jang

Michael Burek

Max L Lifson

Akira Kudo

Stephane J Delalande

Ye Shi

Xuan Zhang

Andrew C Friedman

Jim Demetriades

Carlos M Portela

A method of interrogating an electrochemical cell includes: applying a positive direct current to the electrochemical cell for a first time period, wherein the positive direct current is characterized by a first magnitude; applying a negative direct current to the electrochemical cell for a second time period, wherein the negative direct current is characterized by a second magnitude; wherein the first and second time periods have a combined duration of less than 2 seconds; wherein the second magnitude is equal to or within 50% of the first magnitude; recording cell resistance data of the electrochemical cell during each time period; and analyzing the cell resistance data to determine at least one of: (i) state of charge of the electrochemical cell; (ii) state of health of the electrochemical cell; and (iii) the resistance anisotropy of the cell.

Direct current spectroscopy (DCS) technique for in-operando cell diagnostics and anisotropic resistance monitoring

Provided herein are compositions having a porous, architected three-dimensional geometry that are tiled to achieve increased surface area and/or volume. The tiled compositions include a plurality of tiles having seams where one of the plurality of tiles contacts an adjacent tile. Also provided herein are methods and systems for making the compositions.

Tiled porous architected compositions, methods of their making and methods of their use

In an aspect, provided herein are low density materials, including shell-based materials, with three-dimensional architectures formed, in part, via self-assembly processes. Shell-based materials of some embodiments exhibit a combination of ultralow density (e.g., ≤100 mg cmand optionally ≤10 100 mg cm) and non-periodic architectures characterized by low defect densities and geometries avoiding stress concentrations. Low density shell based materials of some embodiments have architectures characterized by small curvatures and lack of straight edges providing enhance mechanical response. In some embodiments, for example, the present low density materials, including shell-based materials, providing a combination target mechanical properties including high stiffness-to-density ratios, mechanical resilience and tolerance for deformation.

Self-assembly of shell-based architected materials

A membrane for water collection may include a sheet having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a plurality of conical structures disposed on the top surface of the sheet, the conical structures comprising a hydrogel material. Each conical structure of the plurality of conical structures may have a height of 1 mm to 50 mm, wherein height is measured from the top surface of the sheet to an apex of a conical structure. Each conical structure of the plurality of conical structures may have an apex angle of 10 to 60 degrees.

Structured hydrogel membranes for fresh water harvesting

A scaffold includes struts that intersect at nodes. In some instances, a cross section of the cores has at least one dimension less than 100 microns. The core can be a solid, liquid or a gas. In some instances, one or more shell layers are positioned on the core.

Use and fabrication of microscaffolds and nanoscaffolds

This disclosure provides a scalable and reproducible process to create complex 3D metal materials with sub-micron features by applying lithographic methods to transparent metal- or inorganic-rich polymer resins.

Additive manufacturing of architectured materials

In an aspect, a method for making a metal-containing material comprises steps of: forming a metal-containing hydrogel from an aqueous precursor mixture using a photopolymerization; wherein the aqueous precursor mixture comprises water, one or more aqueous photosensitive binders, and one or more aqueous metal salts; and thermally treating the metal-containing hydrogel to form the metal-containing material; wherein the metal-containing hydrogel is exposed to a thermal-treatment atmosphere during the step of thermally treating; wherein a composition of the metal-containing material is at least partially determined by a composition of the thermal-treatment atmosphere during the thermally treating step.

3D printing of metal containing structures

In an aspect, an electrode for an electrochemical cell comprises: a structure having a nano- or micro-architected three-dimensional geometry; said structure comprising one or more active carbon allotrope materials; wherein said structure is characterized by an average density less than or equal to 2.3 g cmand an average specific strength (strength-to-density ratio) greater than or equal to 0.004 GPa gcm. Also disclosed herein are methods for making an electrode for an electrochemical cell, and methods for making an electrochemical cell.

Three-dimensional architected pyrolyzed electrodes for use in secondary batteries and methods of making three-dimensional architected electrodes

This disclosure is directed to structured compositions, including DNA-functionalized scaffolds, for drug capture, and methods and devices for sequestering chemotherapeutics from physiological fluids using the functionalized scaffolds.

DNA-functionalized scaffolds for drug capture applications

A method of controlling wetting characteristics is described. Such method includes forming and configuring nanostructures on a surface where controlling of the wetting characteristics is desired. Surfaces and methods of fabricating such surfaces are also described.

Nanotextured surfaces and related methods, systems, and uses

Nanopillars with nanoscale diameters are provided where the nanopillar has uniformly aligned nano-twins either perpendicular or inclined by 1-90&#xb0; to the pillar-axis with no grain-boundaries or any other features.

Fabrication of nano-twinned nanopillars

A method of forming a thin-film layered electronic device over a flexible substrate comprises the steps of depositing a buffer layer over the flexible substrate, heating the substrate and buffer layer stack to a temperature at which plastic deformation of the buffer layer takes place, cooling the stack, then forming the thin-film electronic device over the plastically deformed buffer layer without further plastic deformation of the buffer layer. The heating and cooling to cause plastic deformation of the buffer layer is referred to as annealing. The thin-film electronic device is formed by a process according to which all steps are performed at a temperature below that at which further plastic deformation of the buffer layer occurs. In-process strain and runout are reduced, improving device yield on flexible substrates. An optional metal base layer may be formed over the buffer layer prior annealing.

Annealing a buffer layer for fabricating electronic devices on compliant substrates

Solid and hollow cylindrical nanopillars with nanoscale diameters are provided. Also provides is a method of making such nanopillars using electron beam lithography followed by the electroplating.

Fabrication of vertically aligned metallic nanopillars

The invention is an indenter tip that is modified to permit both compression testing and tensile testing on samples having dimensions smaller than approximately 1 &#x3bc;m. The modified indenter tip has both a surface that can be used to apply compressive forces, and tines that can be used to engage a free end of a specimen to be tested in tension. The apparatus used to perform the tests includes elements of a scanning electron microscope that permit visualization of the specimen to be tested and the modified indenter tip, so as to permit appropriate alignment and engagement of the same. The apparatus also includes elements of a microindenter that provide mechanical manipulation of the relative position and orientation of the modified indenter tip and of the specimen to be tested, as well as the necessary controls and instrumentation to perform the test and to collect, record and manipulate data.

Growing community of inventors

Pasadena, CA, United States of America

Julia Rosolovsky Greer