Trw Limited

Other

Juan C Carillo, Jr

Mark Kintis

Eric L Upton

Elizabeth Twyford Kunkee

David Lawrence Rollins

Lawrence J Lembo

Richard A Fields

Stephen R Perkins

Bruce A Ferguson

James S Carillo

A device for locally shielding or blocking a user from close proximity electromagnetic fields emitted by a wireless transmit/receive electronic equipment antennasuch as a cellular telephone. The device includes a wearable garments such as a baseball cap, electronic carrying pouch, faneyeglass, or screens, joined with having EMI/RFI material properties that is specifically worn by the user or placed between the user and the electromagnetic field emanating wireless antenna source. It serves to provide as a electromagnetic field shield, either reflective, absorptive, or dissipative behavior in nature, from an direct line-of-sight electromagnetic field radiating from a wireless device antenna. The effective shielding area is determined by the shielding device dimensions, the direct line-of-sight electromagnetic field signal antenna transmission behavior and the placement of the shielding device located between the user local human body sensitive tissue area and the wireless transmit/receive electronic equipment antenna, as solutions for opened-form design method shielding which serves to minimize the shielding degradation effects and sensitivity interaction effects on normal non-blocked electromagnetic fields antenna signal transmission operation.

Device for radiation shielding wireless transmit/receive electronic equipment such as cellular telephones from close proximity direct line-of-sight electromagnetic fields

A device for locally shielding or blocking a user from close proximity electromagnetic fields emitted by a wireless transmit/receive electronic equipment antenna such as a cellular telephone. The device includes a wearable garments such as a baseball cap , electronic carrying pouch , fan , eyeglass , or screens, joined with having EMI/RFI material properties that is specifically worn by the user or placed between the user and the electromagnetic field emanating wireless antenna source . It serves to provide as a electromagnetic field shield, either reflective, absorptive, or dissipative behavior in nature, from an direct line-of-sight electromagnetic field radiating from a wireless device antenna . The effective shielding area is determined by the shielding device dimensions, the direct line-of-sight electromagnetic field signal antenna transmission behavior and the placement of the shielding device located between the user local human body sensitive tissue area and the wireless transmit/receive electronic equipment antenna , as solutions for opened-form design method shielding which serves to minimize the shielding degradation effects and sensitivity interaction effects on normal non-blocked electromagnetic fields antenna signal transmission operation.

Device for radiation shielding of wireless transmit/receive electronic equipment such as cellular telephone from close proximity direct line-of-sight electromagnetic fields

An optical inverting system employs a first optical structure having an index of refraction that varies with the intensity of an incident beam and a second optical structure having a constant index of refraction, and forming an interface therebetween. An optical pulse stream is combined with a laser beam and the combined beam is applied to the first optical structure, impinging the interface at a predetermined angle of incidence. If the angle of incidence is less than a critical angle, the beam is refracted into the second optical structure. If the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle, the beam is completely reflected at the interface. Thus the output of the second optical structure is an inversion, and the output of the first optical structure is a level shifted replica, of the optical digital pulse stream.

Refractive index manipulating optical inverter

A radiation detection device for locally detecting radiation of RF energy emissions from close proximity direct line-of-sight electromagnetic fields emitted by a wireless transmit/receive electronic equipment antenna or body such as a cellular telephone, in miniature/planar design form with suitable embedding form-factoring fashioned arrangement capability joined with radiation shielding devices. Said radiation detection device operates without prerequisite need for a battery or external power source, operationally self-powered by the embodiments of this invention when exposed to electromagnetic field radiation of predetermined thresholding energy level setting for the user's own personal alerting verification and assessment means of suitable predetermined radiation detection measurement tester coupling to radiation shielding devices to encompass an overall shield effectiveness system solution in real-time monitoring response fashion operation.

Close-proximity radiation detection device for determining radiation shielding device effectiveness and a method therefor

An optical analog-to-digital converter (,) that makes use of a downward-folding successive approximation conversion scheme that employs subtraction of optical signals. A pulsed optical signal (,) to be converted is applied as an input to each of a plurality of converter channels (,), where each channel (,) outputs one of the bits of the digital output of the converter (,). The input signal (,) to each channel (,) is sent to a thresholding device (,) that determines whether the intensity of the signal is greater than or less than a predetermined threshold value. The first channel thresholding device (,) compares the input signal (,) to a threshold value that is one-half of a known maximum intensity. Subsequent channel thresholding devices (,) compare the input signal to a threshold value that is one-half of the intensity used in the previous channel in a downward-folding scheme. If the intensity of the input signal (,) is greater than the threshold value in a particular channel (,), then that threshold value is subtracted from the input signal (,) in each of the successive channels before being applied to the thresholding device (,) in that channel (,). The subtraction elements (,) can be saturable absorbers or electro-absorption modules in a particular design. Additionally, the control signals from a particular channel (,) to each of the successive channels to determine whether subtraction will occur can be provided by an optically controlled switch (,), such as a saturable absorber, or an electrically controlled switch, such as an electro-absorption module.

Delayed pulse saturable absorber-based downward-folding optical A/D

An optical quantizer (10) that employs a chain of optical thresholding devices (16) positioned in the propagation path of an optical input beam (12) to be quantized. Each optical thresholding device (16) saturates and turns transparent if the intensity of the optical beam (12) that impinges it is above a predetermined threshold level designed into the device (16). If the input beam (12) saturates the optical thresholding device (16), the device (16) outputs an indicator signal (22) identifying the saturation. The input beam (12) propagates through the optical thresholding device (16) with some attenuation caused by the saturation, and impinges subsequent optical thresholding devices (16) in the chain. Eventually, the attenuation of the input beam (12) caused by the multiple saturations will decrease the beam intensity below the threshold level of the next optical thresholding device (16). The number of indicator signals (22) gives an indication of the intensity of the input beam (12). The optical thresholding devices (16) can provide optical or electrical indicator signals (22) depending on the type of thresholding device (16) used.

Repetitive absorptive thresholding optical quantizer

An optical analog-to-digital converter (10) which fully operates in the optical domain and utilizes an upward-folding successive approximation approach for conversion. The converter (10) includes a plurality of optical stages (14, 16, 18) where each stage (14, 16, 18) generates a digital bit. Each stage (14, 16, 18) includes an optical threshold switch (30, 56, 78) that sets the bit high when the switch (30, 56, 78) is closed. When a sample amplitude of the analog signal is compared to a threshold value and found to exceed the threshold value, the bit is set to 'high' and the sample is passed directly onto the next stage (14, 16, 18). If the sample amplitude is found to be less than the threshold value, the bit is set to 'low' and an intensity equal to the maximum signal intensity minus the threshold intensity is added to the sample amplitude. Each successive stage (14, 16, 18) compares the normalized signal sample to thresholds growing closer and closer to the maximum signal intensity. Multiple bits can be obtained by cascading stages.

Upward-folding successive-approximation optical analog-to-digital

A frequency modulation-based optical analog-to-digital converter utilizes a downward-folding, successive approximation approach. A series of stages is utilized to generate bits in the digital signal. In each stage, complementary low and high bandpass filters collectively cover a bandpass frequency range from a low frequency to a high frequency. The high frequency filtered signal from the high bandpass filter is observed to obtain a bit in the digital word. By performing the folding operations in the frequency domain, the converter avoids the difficult task of optical power subtraction, relying instead on frequency down-conversions. The high frequency filtered signal passed by the high bandpass filter is then downconverted and added to the low pass filter signal to generate a modulated signal for the next stage.

Frequency modulation-based folding optical analog-to-digital converter

An optical inverter (10) that uses a saturable absorber (28) to distinguish between a logical one and a logical zero. A low power laser (18) generates an optical beam that is split into a first beam that propagates among a first beam path (24) and a second beam that propagates along a second beam path (26). The saturable absorber (28) is an optical switch that is positioned in the first beam path (24), and is switched from an opaque mode to a transparent mode when it receives an optical input signal. The first beam and the second beam are recombined as an optical output beam in an optical combiner (30). The first beam path (24) and the second beam path (26) have a length relative to each other such that the first and second beams are 180.degree. out of phase when they reach the optical combiner (30). Therefore, if the saturable absorber (28) is switched to the transparent mode, the first and second beams combine destructively and the optical output beam is dark, or a logical zero. When the saturable absorber (28) is in the opaque mode, the first beam is blocked so that the optical output beam is the second beam, providing a logical one. A second saturable absorber (34) can be provided to receive the optical output beam from the combiner (30) to absorb residual light when the output beam is dark. Additionally, an optical amplifier (36) can be provided to receive the optical output beam from the combiner (30) to amplify the optical output beam to a consistent, predetermined output level.

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Torrance, CA, United States of America

Juan C Carillo, Jr