Other

Iti Group LLC

Cameco Corporation

Cameco Corporation (trustee)

Jozef W Eerkens

Dennis G Garratt

John H Wang

Brian C Olson

Ken J Falk

Isotope enrichment by laser activation wherein a multi-isotopic element Q, like Uranium, Silicon, Carbon is incorporated into gaseous QF, QF, QF, QOF, etc and diluted in gas G like He, N, Ar, Xe, SFor other inert gas; and wherein that mixture is cooled by adiabatic expansion or other means encouraging formation of dimers QF:G in a supersonic super-cooled free jet; and wherein that jet is exposed to laser photons at wavelengths that selectively excite predetermined moleculesQFtoQF*, thereby inducing rapid VT conversions and dissociations ofQF*:G&#x2192;QF+G+kT, while leaving non-excited dimersQF:G intact; and wherein a skimmer separates the supersonic free-jet core stream containing heavierQF:G dimers from lighter core-escapedQF-enriched rim gases. Particularly an advanced technique is disclosed to enrichUFby free jet expansion and isotope-selective dimerization suppression, utilizing a molecular CO laser and intra-cavity UFirradiation with laser lines overlapping predeterminedUFabsorptions; and providing multiple free jet separator units irradiated by one laser beam, thereby enhancing process economics.

Process and apparatus for condensation repressing isotope separation by laser activation

An advanced communications system comprising an emitter and an improved receiver (detector) utilizing modulated beams of neutrino and antineutrino waves as information carriers between the emitter and the receiver. Generation of modulated neutrino and antineutrino beams in the emitter is achieved by a laser-like medium, while detection and demodulation of the neutrino and antineutrino beams is accomplished by a second laser-like medium which registers the flux (or fluence) of modulated neutrinos and antineutrinos passing there-through by means of resonant stimulated deexcitation of lasable excited states. In addition to the information transmission utilization, the neutrino emitter and receiver (detector) system may also be employed to gather information by the probing of internal earth structures. Such structures cause measurable refractions and retardations of the propagated pulses of monochromatic coherent neutrino waves traveling through the earth between the emitter and receiver (detector), at certain predetermined neutrino frequencies.

Neutrino communication system

Nozzle cooling and wall contact prevention control are included in a gaseous CRISLA apparatus, along with removable collectors, and the efficient use of one or more currently available high power lasers to produce a commercially economic isotope separation process. The wall contact prevention is accomplished with gaseous boundary layers, and a supersonic nozzle normally is used to cool and separate excitation bands of the isotopic material. Non-intermixing gaseous streams with different isotopic assays can be created in a single nozzle chamber and segmented collection chamber, which along with recirculation loops and compressors, allows a single laser system and a single nozzle system to be used to selectively excite the isotopic material while it makes multiple passes through the laser beams of the laser system until only a small fraction of the desired isotope remains to be separated. The process is especially effective in separating .sup.235 UF.sub.6 from a gaseous mixture of .sup.235 UF.sub.6 and .sup.238 UF.sub.6.

Crisla process

CRISLA process and apparatus

Selection criteria are disclosed for choosing a coreactant RX that will improve the isotope separation in laser-activated chemical reactions which may proceed by the steps: ##STR1## The step of coreactant activation can be important in some exchange reactions but unnecessary in others. That is for some laser-activated chemical reactions, the second step may be absent. The selection criteria are based on the relative magnitudes of the bond-energies and therefore vibrational frequencies in the molecules .sup.i MY and RX, and the requirements for forming a Vanderwaals-like attachment complex. Also, the upper and lower limit of tolerable thermal (non-laser) reaction speeds are defined. It is shown further that it is necessary to restrict suitable RX candidates to those species which yield .sup.i MX product that does not participate in subsequent chemical reactions which cause isotope scrambling. The employment of a second auxiliary coreactant is recommended in certain cases if its interaction with the complex (.sup.1 MY:RX.sup.(*)).sup.+ will increase the latter's reaction rate and/or if it can scavenge the product .sup.i MX, thereby negating any subsequent isotope scrambling reactions of .sup.i MX. The auxiliary coreactant should not react, or only slowly react, with the reactants .sup.1 MY or RX. By application of the selection criteria to UF.sub.6, a small group of suitable chemical coreactants are identified which give improved Uranium isotope separations.

Isotope separation process

An isotope separation arrangement for separating a preselected isotope from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules by either photon-induced pure rovibrational or vibronic selective excitation of the molecules containing the atoms of the isotope to be separated from a lower to a higher energy level, and a chemical reaction of the higher energy level molecules with a chemically reactive agent to form a chemical compound containing primarily the atoms of isotope to be separated in a physicochemical state different from the physicochemical state of the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules. The chemical compound containing the atoms of the isotope to be separated may be subsequently processed to obtain the isotope.

High mass isotope separation arrangement

Selection criteria are disclosed for choosing a coreactant RX that will improve the isotope separation in laser-activated chemical reactions which may proceed by the steps: ti .sup.i MY+h.nu..sub.L .fwdarw..sup.i MY*

A communication system comprising an emitter and a receiver (detector) utilizing modulated beams of neutrino and antineutrino waves as information carriers between the emitter and the receiver. Generation of modulated neutrino and antineutrino beams in the emitter is achieved by a maser-like medium, while detection and demodulation of the neutrino and antineutrino beams is accomplished by a second maser-like medium which registers the fluence (or flux) of modulated neutrinos and antineutrinos passing therethrough by means of resonant stimulated deexcitation of excited states. In addition to the information transmission utilization, the neutrino emitter and receiver (detector) system may also be employed to gather information by the probing of internal earth structures. Such structures cause measurable refractions and retardations of the propagated pulses of monochromatic coherent neutrino waves travelling through the earth between the emitter and receiver (detector), at certain predetermined neutrino frequencies.

Neutrino communication arrangement

An isotope separation arrangement for separating a preselected isotope from a mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules by either photon-induced pure rovibrational or vibronic selective excitation of the molecules containing the atoms of the isotope to be separated from a lower to a higher energy state, and a chemical reaction of the higher energy state molecules with a chemically reactive agent to form a chemical compound containing primarily the atoms of isotope to be separated in a physicochemical state different from the physicochemical state of the mixture of chemically identical but isotopically different molecules. The chemical compound containing the atoms of the isotope to be separated may be subsequently processed to obtain the isotope.

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Pacific Palisades, CA, United States of America

Jozef W Eerkens