Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation

Joshua M Blatz

J Leon Shohet

Michael Richard Sussman

Faraz A Choudhury

Benjamin B Minkoff

Grzegorz Sabat

Daniel I Benjamin

Dongfei Pei

Huifeng Zheng

Xiangyu Guo

Weiyi Li

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for characterizing the interaction of free radicals with various materials and the use of known interactions to isolate free radical generation from free radical interaction with a target molecule.

Methods and systems for transmission and detection of free radicals

This disclosure provides methods, systems, and compositions of matter for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. A plasma can be used to generate marker radicals, which can interact with a biological molecule and mark the solvent-accessible portions of the biological molecule.

Methods, systems, and compositions for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules

A method of forming a low dielectric constant (low-k) dielectric is disclosed. The method includes providing a substrate and forming a dielectric including porogens over the substrate. While subjecting the dielectric to a first pressure, the dielectric is exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The dielectric is also subject to a second pressure less than 1&#xd7;10Torr. While subjecting the dielectric to the second pressure, the dielectric is exposed to vacuum UV (VUV) radiation having one or more photon energies greater than 7 eV. Since it is difficult for VUV radiation to travel through a medium at a pressure greater than 10 Torr without being absorbed by intermittent materials, subjecting the dielectric to the second pressure creates a medium wherein the dielectric can be exposed to the VUV radiation. By exposing the dielectric to UV and VUV radiation, the dielectric can achieve a reduced dielectric constant and increased mechanical properties.

Low dielectric constant (low-k) dielectric and method of forming the same

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Monona, WI, United States of America

Joshua M Blatz