The Dow Chemical Company

Joseph D Lefevre

James A McIntyre

Robert F Phillips

Gary A Deborski

The invention is a method of making an improved internally supported electrode which comprises:

Method of making an improved internally supported electrode

A porous, two layer electrode which may be used as an anode or a cathode and a cell using one or more of the electrodes. The electrode is in a pocket shaped configuration with the inner layer having interstitial passageways which are larger in diameter than the diameter of the corresponding interstitial passageways in the outer layer. The layers may be composed of metallic particles. A catalytically active material may be applied to the electrode. The electrodes are particularly useful as oxygen depolarized cathodes in electrolytic processes.

Electrolytic process using oxygen-depolarized cathodes

A permeable substrate is coated with a film of silver deposited from an aqueous electroless silver plating solution. The process provides substantially total extraction or depletion of the silver from the solution. The process permits deposition of closely controlled amounts of silver on well-defined permeable areas.

Process for silver coating of permeable substrates

A process for operating an electrolytic cell having a relatively-massive dual porosity gas electrode particularly well suited and adapted for utilization as a vertically-disposed oxygen gas-bearing electrochemically reducing cathode in electrolytic cells wherein, for efficient and practical, commercially-large-scale-output operations, there are required to be employed substantial electrolyte liquid depths creating considerable head pressures generally greater than at least about 1 psi (ca. 0.69 dynes/cm.sup.2) is comprised of distinct juxtaposed, contiguous, yet separate, diversely porous electrode body wall members or layer sections, one of which for immediate electrolyte contact and handling is of relatively finer pored structure and the other of which for immediate gas contact and handling is of relatively larger or coarse pored structure; the electrode being so embodied and characterizable for given application as to have a bubble point pressure that is larger than the summation of the hydraulic head pressure and the liquid capillary pressure in the coarse pore layer.

Method of operating electrolytic cells having massive dual porosity gas

Electrolytic cell with oxygen-depolarized cathodes

An electrolytic cell and a method of operating an electrolytic cell having an electrically conductive, foraminous separator support element which is maintained at a voltage potential sufficient to minimize the occurrence of substantial amounts of anodic reactions and cathodic reactions, thereby minimizing corrosion and bipolar effects at the support element.

Electrolytic cell and process for electrolytic oxidation

A relatively-massive dual porosity gas electrode particularly well suited and adapted for utilization as a vertically-disposed oxygen gas-bearing electrochemically reducing cathode in electrolytic cells wherein, for efficient and practical, commercially-large-scale-output operations, there are required to be employed substantial electrolyte liquid depths creating considerable head pressures generally greater than at least about 1 psi (ca. 0.69 dynes/cm.sup.2) is comprised of distinct juxtaposed, contiguous yet separate diversely porous electrode body wall members or layer sections, one of which for immediate electrolyte contact and handling is of relatively finer pored structure and the other of which for immediate gas contact and handling is of relatively larger or coarse pored structure; the electrode being so embodied and characterizable for given application as to have a bubble point pressure that is larger than the summation of the hydraulic head pressure and the liquid capillary pressure in the coarse pore layer.

Massive dual porosity gas electrodes

The diaphragm or equivalent element in an electrolytic cell is disposed on and maintained by a foraminous metallic or other electroconductive support structure which is electrically connected to the cathode in the cell so that both the supported diaphragm or other separator unit structure and the cathode have the same potential thereby at least minimizing and frequently even avoiding bipolar effects during cell operation.

Electrolytic oxidation in a cell having a separator support

A porous nickel body is interiorly silver plated in a two-step procedure by: first, acid etching the nickel surface for activation; then plating the activated surface by replacement of elemental nickel thereon with silver from a dissolved aqueous cyanide or equivalent silver salt.

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Bay City, MI, United States of America

Joseph D Lefevre