Lightgage, Inc.

Erim International, Inc.

Joseph C Marron

Kurt W Gleichman

Dean Faklis

Frequency-scanning interferometry is applied to common-path interferometers for measuring topographical features of test objects. A reference element located adjacent to a test object functions as both a beamsplitter and a reference surface. A first portion of a measuring beam reflects from the reference surface of the reference element as a reference beam, and a second portion of the measuring beam transmits through the reference element to and from a surface of the test object as an object beam. Both beams are conveyed along a common path to a detector that records a plurality of intensity variations produced by constructive and destructive interference between localized portions of the object and reference beams associated with different transverse coordinates on the test object surface. An illumination frequency of the measuring beam is incrementally modified through a range of different frequencies sufficient to alternate the intensity variations between conditions of constructive and destructive interference, which occur at modulation frequencies sensitive to path length differences between corresponding points on the surfaces of the test object and reference element.

Common-path frequency-scanning interferometer

A frequency-scanning interferometer is modified to include a diffuse reference surface. An illuminating system produces an expanding measuring beam, portions of which reflect from a test object surface and the diffuse reference surface on converging paths to an imaging system. Interference patterns between overlapping images of the object and reference surfaces are generated at a plurality of frequencies for measuring the object surface with respect to the reference surface.

Frequency-scanning interferometer with non-specular reference surface

An expanding measuring beam is inserted into a cavity of a frequency-scanning interferometer. The expanding measuring beam encounters non-specular (diffuse) reference and object surfaces so that the reflected light can be imaged with an imaging system of reduced dimension. The compact interferometer is adaptable to a variety of applications. For example, the compact interferometer can be incorporated into a sensor of a multi-stage measuring instrument or into a handheld imager.

Interferometer system of compact configuration

A system of frequency-scanning interferometry uses a computer system operating in accordance with a program for measuring distances or range, including measuring topographical information about test object surfaces. Interferometric data is detected using a single point detector or an array of such detectors and recorded (stored) in the computer system, and a series of measurements are taken over a range of illumination frequencies. The interferometric data varies in a sinusoidal manner with a change in illumination frequency at interference frequencies corresponding to particular measures of distance or range. A Fourier transform for locating peak interference frequencies is first limited in frequency space and second divided into stages to save processing time. A coarse spacing between Fourier frequency samples is used for a first approximation, and finer spacing between Fourier frequency samples are used in the vicinity of the first approximation to make a second more accurate approximation.

Multi-stage data processing for frequency-scanning interferometer

A wavelength tuning system adjusts an external cavity of a laser about two orthogonal axes for aligning features of a diffractive optic with a third orthogonal axis about which the diffractive optic is pivoted for providing selected wavelength feedback to the laser. A laser mount supports the laser, and a mounting arm supports both the diffractive optic and a reflective optic in a fixed orientation with respect to each other. A flexural member forms at least part of a connection between the mounting arm and the laser mount in a relative orientation for optically coupling the diffractive optic to the laser within the external cavity. The mounting arm is pivoted with respect to the laser mount about the pivot axis by an actuator for varying a wavelength of a diffracted portion of the output beam returned to the laser without significantly varying an angular orientation of the output beam with respect to the laser mount as reflected from the reflective optic.

Tunable laser system having an adjustable external cavity

A method for determining a range dimension of an object utilizing multiple wavelength interferometry to form an image of the object includes developing a discernible two-dimensional image from an interference pattern at selected points for each of a number of wavelengths, collecting complex values from the interference pattern and developing a phase value from the complex value, and determining a phase correction vector based on a difference between measured phase values and an ideal phase value associated with one or more reference points. The phase correction vector is used to correct each of the selected points. A one-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the corrected values to yield a range profile for each selected point. A peak value is then determined from the range profile to determine the range dimension. The peak value may be determined based on a simple maximum, oversampling in selected areas prior to performing the Fourier transform, or using curve-fitting techniques. The phase correction vector minimizes phase errors due to various causes such as insufficient knowledge of the laser frequencies, or which occur when optical path lengths of the object and reference beams are not match, to provide a computationally efficient method of improving accuracy in the range dimension.

Method and apparatus for three-dimensional imaging using laser

A system for interferometric inspection of an object includes a number of improvements to reduce spurious reflections and provide precision measurement of large objects. A neutral density filter of absorptive glass is used as an attenuator to reduce undesirable reflections which may otherwise result in detector saturation. A wedge-shaped beam splitter having at least one anti-reflective surface is also utilized to reduce unwanted reflections. The system uses multiple wavelength interferometry to provide range information for an object. Additional improvements in precision may be provided by using a wavelength calibration device such as an etalon, a wavemeter, or a reference cell having relatively narrow transmission peaks, to improve the accuracy in determining the laser wavelengths. The wavelength information may be used to more precisely determine range values for the object. The various improvements in precision and accuracy facilitate use of differing optical path lengths for the reference beam and object beam so that overall system size and complexity is reduced.

Multiple wavelength image plane interferometry

A method for determining a range dimension of an object utilizing multiple wavelength interferometry to form an image of the object includes developing a discernible two-dimensional image from an interference pattern at selected points for each of a number of wavelengths, collecting complex values from the interference pattern and developing a phase value from the complex value, and determining a phase correction vector based on a difference between measured phase values and an ideal phase value associated with one or more reference points. The phase correction vector is used to correct each of the selected points. A one-dimensional Fourier transform is performed on the corrected values to yield a range profile for each selected point. A peak value is then determined from the range profile to determine the range dimension. The peak value may be determined based on a simple maximum, oversampling in selected areas prior to performing the Fourier transform, or using curve-fitting techniques. The phase correction vector minimizes phase errors due to various causes such as insufficient knowledge of the laser frequencies, or which occur when optical path lengths of the object and reference beams are not matched, to provide a computationally efficient method of improving accuracy in the range dimension.

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Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America

Joseph C Marron