A. Ahlstrom Corporation

Foster Wheeler Energia Oy

A. Ahlstrom Osakeyhtio

Corenso United Oy Ltd.

Jorma J Nieminen

Juha Palonen

Eero J Berg

Bertel K Hakulin

Markku It&auml;pelto

Pekka Harkki

Lauri M&auml;kipaja

Folke Engstrom

Matti A Hiltunen

Olli E Arpalahti

Katriina Nieminen, Legal Representative

Charles M Davis

Engstrom Folke

A method of and an apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material, the apparatus including a gasification reactor, to which oxygen-containing primary gas and secondary gasification gas are introduced, whereby a portion of the material to be gasified is gasified to product gas, residual carbon contained in the fly ash extracted from the product gas is combusted in a cyclone combustor, and the exhaust gas from the cyclone combustor is guided to above the bottom level of the gasification reactor to act as secondary gasification gas.

Method of and an apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material

A process for recovering metal material from waste material including organic material and metal material in the form of thin foil metal material. The process includes steps of introducing the waste material into a fluidized bed gasifier, introducing air through a bottom grid into the gasifier for fluidizing a bed of solid particles, for gasification of the organic material therein, and production of a combustible gas, discharging separately from the gasifier bottom ash and combustible gas produced in the gasification step, maintaining the temperature in the gasifier below the melting temperature of the metal material, tearing the thin foil metal material into small metal flakes in the fluidized bed, setting the velocity of the air in the fluidized bed such that the metal flakes are entrained with the produced combustible gas, but the not-gasified waste material and the bed particles stay in the bed, discharging the metal flakes from the gasifier together with the combustible gas and introducing the combustible gas discharged from the gasifier into a separator, for separating metal material from the combustible gas.

Process for recovering metal material from waste material

Process for recycling of liquid carton waste material or other similar waste material having fibrous, metal and plastics materials. The process includes introducing the waste material and a slushing liquid into a slushing apparatus and slushing of the waste material to thereby form defibrated fibrous material therein. The treated waste material is then separated into (i) a fiber suspension which includes the defibrated fibrous material, and (ii) a reject portion which includes the metal and plastics materials. The obtained fiber suspension is cleaned and the fibrous material therein is reclaimed for further use. The reject portion is introduced into a fluidized bed gasifier so as to gasify the plastics therein to produce a hydrocarbon product gas, which is thereafter separated from the metal material.

Liquid carton waste material recycling process and apparatus for recycling liquid carton waste material

In a fluidized bed reactor system having a gas cooler, with cooling surfaces, downstream of a first cyclone separator, the cooling surfaces are cleaned by introducing sufficient concentration of bed particles into the gas during, or just prior to, cooling, so that the particles mechanically dislodge deposits from, and thereby clean, the cooling surfaces. The particles are then removed downstream of the cooler by a second separator, and the bed particles separated by the second separator may be returned to the fluidized bed reactor at or just before the cooler to again be used to effect cooling. Cleaning may be practiced in spaced time intervals only (e.g. periodically or intermittently), or continuously. Where practiced intermittently the efficiency of operation of the first separator may be diminished by introducing a fluid stream, or a solid object, into the vortex flow within the first separator, so that a sufficient number and size of particles pass through the first separator so as to effect cooler cleaning.

Method of operating a fluidized bed reactor system, and system for

Method and apparatus for using biofuel or waste material or both for energy production. The biofuel or the waste material is gasified in a fluidized bed gasifier (10), preferably a circulating fluidized bed gasifier. The gas produced in the gasifier is introduced into a boiler (12) equipped with fossil fuel burners (28, 28'28'), typically burners for pulverized coal. The gas is introduced at a level above the burners. Ash from the boiler may be used to form the bed of the gasifier. For control of NO.sub.x, the gas is burned in the upper part of the boiler at a low temperature level of 800.degree.-1050.degree. C. (1472.degree.-1922.degree. F.), preferably 850.degree.-900.degree. C. (1562.degree.-1652.degree. F.), and with a small excess air content of about 5-10 percent. In a second embodiment, the raw gas may be cleaned of harmful or noxious components, and cooled if desired, between the gasifier and the boiler in an additional circulating fluidized bed reactor (152) having a bed of coal ash.

Method and apparatus for utilizing biofuel or waste material in energy

Method and apparatus for treating gases from gasification or combustion

A gas turbine, or like device which utilizes gas and is susceptible to damage from particles greater than a predetermined size in the gas stream, is protected by providing a cyclone downstream of a particle separator. If any particles are in the gas flow downstream of the particle separator--an aberrant condition--the cyclone will remove them and pass them to a particle trap, from which the particles flow to a measuring device. If the measuring device detects a significant number of particles, then an alarm is sounded or corrective action taken. The cyclone may be a horizontal cyclone, or a flow through cyclone.

Detection of particles in a hot gas flow upstream of a gas turbine

A method and apparatus for gasifying or combusting solid, carbonaceous material a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Particles are separated from the product gas at least in two stages so that in the first stage, mainly coarser, so-called circulating particles are separted and returned to the reactor. In the second stage, fine carbonaceous particulates are separated from the gas and are made to agglomerate at a raised temperature. Coarser particles thus received are returned to the reactor through a return duct together with circulating particles. Adhesion of agglomerating particles to the walls of the duct is prevented preferably by leading hot particulates to the center of the duct and circulating particles to the walls of the duct.

Apparatus for gasifying or combusting solid carbonaceous

A method and apparatus for feeding solid material into a pressurized combustion or gasification plant in stages. The feed apparatus (10) is provided with an inlet (18), sluice chamber (30), and outlet (20). In a loading stage, solid material is conveyed through the inlet into the sluice chamber. The loaded sluice chamber is transferred to an unloading stage. During the transfer stage, the inlet (18) is closed. During the unloading stage, solid material is conveyed through the outlet (20) into a pressurized space (26). The volume of the sluice chamber (30) is adjustable so that the volume is enlarged during the loading stage and reduced during the unloading stage. The volume is adjusted e.g. by a piston (38).

Method and apparatus for feeding fuel into a pressurized space

A method for gasifying or combusting solid, carbonaceous material in a circulating fluidized bed reactor. Particles are separated from the product gas at least in two stages so that in the first stage, mainly coarser, so-called circulating particles are separted and returned to the reactor. In the second stage, fine carbonaceous particlates are separated from the gas and are made to agglomerate at a raised temperature. Coarser particles thus recieved are returned to the reactor through a return duct together with circulating particles. Adhesion of agglomerating particles to the walls of the duct is prevented preferably by leading hot particulates to the center of the duct and circulating particles to the walls of the duct.

Method for gasifying or combusting solid carbonaceous material

Method and apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material

A fluidized bed reactor where material from a prereactor is brought into contact with hot particles separated from flue gases. The particles when removed from the flue gases by a separator are passed to a prereactor having a gas supply and vapor removal port where the hot particles are mixed with fresh feed material and the mixture is passed to the fluidized bed reactor for chemical and/or thermal treatment.

Fluidized bed reactor system

A method of treating materials in a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the material to be treated is brought into contact with hot particles removed from the flue gases coming from the fluidized bed reactor to bring about chemical and/or thermal reactions in the material before it is introduced into the fluidized bed reactor together with recycled particles. Useful components may be recovered in the form of gases, solids or liquids in connection with this treatment.

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Varkaus, Finland

Jorma J Nieminen