Daewoo Electronics Co., Ltd.

Other

Lg Philips Lcd Co., Inc.

Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences

Oh, Hyeon Cheol

Kim, Jong-il

Kim, Kyoung Tae

Jong-Il Kim

Hae-Yeol Kim

Se-June Kim

Kyoung Tae Kim

Chun-Ho Kim

The present disclosure relates to a deacetylation hydrolase of a hyaluronic acid a hyaluronic acid deacetylated by same and a derivative thereof. The deacetylated hyaluronic acid and the derivative thereof have the following characteristic: a delayed initial decomposition rate on a living body; minimized decrease of molecular weight and viscosity; accelerated gelation due to a lower gelation temperature than the gelation temperature for a non-deacetylated hyaluronic acid; and an hMSC survival rate that is hardly affected by increased concentration of the deacetylated hyaluronic acid and the derivative thereof in a culture medium. As a result, the deacetylated hyaluronic acid and the derivative thereof can be useful as a bioingredient such a delivery system for a cell, gene, drug, and the like, or a support for tissue engineering, etc.

Deacetylation hydrolase of hyaluronic acid, hyaluronic acid deacetylated by same and derivative thereof

A method of crystallizing amorphous silicon includes forming an amorphous silicon layer over a substrate, forming a plurality of metal clusters on the amorphous silicon layer, and simultaneously applying a thermal treatment, an electric field, and a magnetic field to crystallize the amorphous silicon layer.

Method for crystallizing amorphous silicon and fabricating thin film transistor using crystallized silicon

An encoded video signal is decoded to obtain a decoded video signal, wherein the decoded video signal includes a previous and a current frames and is processed an a macroblock-by-macroblock basis, each frame's data containing pixel values, by deriving a set of quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients corresponding to current frame data and converting the set of quantized discrete cosine transform coefficients into a set of discrete cosine transform coefficients. Thereafter, depending on the complexity of the current frame data detected, high frequency components of the set of discrete cosine transform coefficients within a preset region are filtered based on the set of discrete cosine transform coefficients and the complexity of the current frame data, to thereby produce a set of filtered discrete cosine transform coefficients. The set of filtered discrete cosine transform coefficients is transformed into a set of inverse discrete cosine transform data, and the current frame data is generated through the use of motion compensation and provided as the decoded video signal.

Method and apparatus for compensating quantization errors of a decoded

An image frame signal encoding method encodes a shape signal of an object in the digital image frame signal and decodes the encoded shape signal to provide a reconstructed shape signal and converts background pixel values in the digital image frame signal to extension values to thereby provide an extension image frame signal. And an image frame signal encoding method detects object blocks including one or more reconstructed object pixels therein and encodes a smallest process block having a dimension of L.times.L pixels and including all the reconstructed object pixels within each object block.

Method and apparatus for encoding an image signal having an object by

A video signal encoding system, for encoding a video signal to provide an encoded signal, includes a transform coder for encoding the video signal on a block-by-block basis to generate blocks of transform coefficients, wherein the video signal includes a multiplicity of frames, each frame having blocks of pixels. A quantizer employed in the video signal encoding system comprises a quantization parameter deciding block; a quantizer control block for deciding a quantization mode signal which represents an activity of the video signal; and a quantizer which classifies transform coefficients included in each block into high frequency coefficients and low frequency coefficients based on the quantization mode signal, modifies the high frequency coefficients, to thereby provide blocks of modified transform coefficient, and quantizes the blocks of modified transform coefficients by using the quantization parameter.

Adaptive quantizer with modification of high frequency coefficients

An apparatus generates chrominance shape information based on luminance shape information represented by binary values, to thereby describe an object in a video object plane effectively. The apparatus divides the luminance shape information into a multiplicity of sample blocks, a sample block including 2.times.2 pixels, and determines, for each sample block, a chrominance value based on all logic values in a sample block. The chrominance shape information is produced in a form of a matrix based on the chrominance values for all sample blocks.

Method and apparatus for generating chrominance shape information of a

An encoding system employing a novel perceptual spectrum difference estimation device improves the coding efficiency and audio quality of a digitized audio signal. The system comprises M number of encoding means arranged in parallel for encoding the input digital audio signal of a current frame, respectively; M number of decoding means arranged in parallel for decoding each of the encoded digital audio signals; a first estimator for estimating a power density spectrum for a difference signal between the input digital audio signal and each of the decoded digital audio signals; a second estimator for estimating a power density spectrum for the input digital audio signal of the current frame and for determining a masking threshold therefor based on the power density spectrum for the input digital audio signal; a third estimator for estimating a set of perceptual spectrum distances based on the power density spectrum for each of the difference signals and the masking threshold; and a circuit for selecting an encoded digital audio signal having a smallest perceptual spectrum distance.

Adaptive digital audio encoding system

An apparatus for decoding a discrete cosine transform coded image signal includes an image restoration circuit which comprises a first conversion block for converting the reconstructed image signal into its frequency domain image signal including image signal phase components and image signal amplitude components thereof; a predictive quantization noise generation block for responding to the quantization parameter and for generating a predictive quantization noise having a known probability density function; a second conversion block for converting the predictive quantization noise into its frequency domain noise including noise phase components and noise amplitude components; an adder circuit for generating compensated amplitude components representative of the difference between the image signal amplitude components and the noise amplitude components; and a inverse conversion block responsive to the image signal phase components and the compensated amplitude components for converting them to restore the image signal, free of the quantization noise, in the time domain to thereby improve the quality of the displayed image.

Apparatus for reducing quantization noise in image signals

A novel apparatus, capable of adaptively encoding input digital audio signals from N number of channels, comprises N number of filters for filtering the input digital audio signals, respectively; a first estimator for estimating a first parameter for each of the input digital audio signals; a second estimator for estimating perceptual entropies of the respective frames for each of the input digital audio signals based on the first parameter, to thereby derive a mean and a standard deviation of a first frame group, and for generating second frame groups including F number of frames for each of the N number of channels; a first bit allocation unit for determining bits for each of the second frame groups based on the perceptual entropies for the second frame groups and mean and standard deviation parameters and for generating bit allocation information corresponding to the determined bits for the second frame groups; a second bit allocation unit for determining bits for the respective subbands of each frame included in each of the second frame groups based on the first parameter and the generated bit allocation information; N number of quantizers for quantizing the filtered audio signals in response to the corresponding bit allocation information for the respective subbands of the first frame group; and a circuit for formatting the quantized audio signal together with the generated bit allocation information.

Apparatus for adaptively encoding input digital audio signals from a

A novel apparatus, capable of adaptively encoding input digital audio signals from N number of channels, includes N number of subband filters arranged in parallel for filtering the input digital audio signals, respectively, on a subband-by-subband basis; an estimator for estimating perceptual parameters for each subband, each frame and a frame group including N.times.M number of current and previous frames for the total N number of channels, which corresponds to the estimated perceptual entropies; a bit allocation unit for adaptively determining bits for the respective subbands of the frame group based on the estimated signal-to-mask ratio data, perceptual entropies, and mean and standard deviation parameters and for generating bit allocation information corresponding to the determined bits for the respective subbands of the frame group; N number of quantizers arranged in parallel for quantizing the filtered subband audio signals for the N number of channels in response to the corresponding bit allocation information generated for the respective subbands of the frame group; and a circuit for formatting the quantized digital audio signals together with the bit allocation information.

A novel apparatus, capable of adaptively encoding an input digital audio signal, comprises a subband filtering device for receiving the input digital audio signal and filtering the received digital audio signal, on a subband-by-subband basis; a first estimator for estimating signal-to-mask ratio data, sound pressure levels and masking thresholds for the respective subbands of the digital audio signal; a second estimator for estimating perceptual entropies for the respective frames of the input digital audio signal based on the estimated signal-to-mask ratio data, sound pressure levels and masking thresholds and for deriving a mean and a standard deviation parameters for a frame group including two or more current and previous frames which corresponds to the estimated perceptual entropies; a bit allocation unit for adaptively determining bits for each of the subbands based on the estimated signal-to-mask ratio data, perceptual entropies, and mean and standard deviation parameters and for generating bit allocation information corresponding to the determined bits for each of the subbands; a quantizer for quantizing each of the filtered subbands of the digital audio signal in response to the generated bit allocation information for each of the subbands; and a formatting circuit formatting the quantized audio signal together with the generated bit allocation information.

Adaptive digital audio encoding apparatus and a bit allocation method

An improved method for determining optimum motion vectors of video signals employs a similarity measurement between a search block in a current frame and each of a plurality of candidate blocks included in a corresponding search region in a previous frame along with a spatial correlation measurement between pixel data in each of error signals generated from the search block and the candidate blocks. The method comprises the steps of providing error signals, calculating an error function and index of correlation for each of said error signals, and generating a motion vector corresponding to an optimum error signal determined based on error functions and indices of correlation of the error signals.

Block matching type motion vector determination using correlation

A combined lighter and pen includes a pen part and a lighter part detachably combined with each other. The pen part has an internally threaded top section. The lighter part includes a gas container provided at its upper end with an ignition device as well as a gas nozzle, and at its lower end with an externally threaded engagement section detachably engageable with the threaded top section of the pen part. The gas container is slidably received by a hollow outer casing which engages with an internally threaded upper cap. The upper cap is provided with a removable metal net which is heated by a flame projected from the gas nozzle. The lighter is operated by an operating piece movably received by a side opening of the outer casing such that its pressing part rests on a side section of the nozzle control piece and comes into close contact with a top end of the ignition switch of the ignition device. When pressed down, the operating piece presses down the nozzle control piece as well as the ignition switch. The operating piece is supported by a clip such that it is positioned in a place in the side opening of the outer casing.

Combined lighter pen

There is provided an improved apparatus and method which include precisely adjustable digital circuitries employing psychoacoustic modeling so that the results obtained have a best consistency with actual human auditory perception. The apparatus comprises a first estimator for estimating a power density spectrum of an input digital audio signal to the audio system; a detector for determining a masking threshold depending on the power density spectrum of the input digital audio signal as an audible limit reflecting human auditory faculty; a second estimator for estimating a power density spectrum of an error signal representative of the difference between the input digital audio signal and its output digital audio signal from the audio system; and a third estimator for estimating the power density spectrum of the error signal which exceed the masking threshold and for calculating a perceptual spectrum distance(PSD) representative of the audio distortion.

Method and apparatus for evaluating audio distortion

An adaptive echo cancellation apparatus disclosed herein has three channels and a channel selection circuit. The first channel serves to block an outgoing digital signal from flowing to a transceiver. The second channel is used to directly couple the outgoing digital signal to the transceiver. The third channel serves to subtract a predicted echo signal, estimated by using the incoming digital signal, from the outgoing digital signal and to couple an error signal, representative of the difference therebetween, to the transceiver. The adaptive channel selection circuit is used to select one of the channels depending on the presence of the valid outgoing and incoming digital signals in order to effectively reduce the estimation operation. Further, the third channel is provided with a filter wherein the filter coefficients are adaptively updated by using the signs of a predetermined number of samples, thereby achieving a considerable reduction in the computational complexity.

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Seoul, South Korea

Jong-Il Kim