Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC

Jonathan Scott Tinkham

Kai Zhu

Alan Sellinger

Zhen Li

An aspect of the present disclosure is a device that includes a first layer that includes a hole-transport material and an acid, where the first layer has a conductivity between 20 &#x3bc;S/cm and 500 &#x3bc;S/cm. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the first layer may absorb light having a wavelength between 400 nm and 600 nm. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the hole-transport material may include at least one of 2,2',7,7&#x2032;-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9&#x2032;-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD), a derivative of spiro-OMeTAD, poly(triarylamine), poly(3-hexylthiophene), and/or N,N&#x2032;-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N&#x2032;-diphenylbenzidine.

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Denver, CO, United States of America

Jonathan Scott Tinkham