Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company

John W Hayes

Graham P Ansell

Raj Rao Rajaram

Helen A Hatcher

Ian William Carpenter

John Malcolm Gascoyne

Michael Ian Petch

Alan F Diwell

Stanislaw Edmund Golunski

Chandresh Nemchand Malde

Christopher Hallett

Katharine Elizabeth Goodman

A process for the catalytic generation of hydrogen by the self-sustaining combination of partial oxidation and steam reforming of a hydrocarbon comprises containing a mixture of the hydrocarbon, an oxygen-containing gas and steam with a catalyst comprising rhodium dispersed on a refractory oxide support material which is a mixture of ceria and zirconia. The hydrocarbons are straight chain or branch chain hydrocarbons having 1 to 15 carbon atoms and include methane, propane, butane, hexane, heptane, normal-octane, iso-octane, naphthas, liquefied petroleum gas and reformulated gasoline petrol and diesel fuels. The hydrogen generation process can be started by feeding the hydrocarbon and air to initiate partial oxidation, before steam is added. The hydrogen generation process can be started by feeding the hydrocarbon and air to initiate partial oxidation, before steam is added. The hydrogen generation process also may be operated in combination with a water-gas shift reaction for the reduction of carbon monoxide in the hydrogen generated.

Catalytic generation of hydrogen

A process for the catalytic generation of hydrogen by the self-starting, self-sustaining combination of partial oxidation and steam reforming of an organic fuel wherein a mixture of the organic fuel and an oxygen-containing gas and steam is contacted with a precious metal catalyst which is selective for the partial oxidation reaction characterized in that the organic fuel is dimethyl ether. Suitable catalysts include platinum or rhodium supported on zirconia or a mixture of ceria and zirconia.

A substantially complete coating of a zeolite onto a material such as catalyst particles can be achieved by treating the material prior to or simultaneously with zeolite formation, with a polyelectrolye. Copper catalyst systems show good hydrogen storage while blocking access of hydrocarbons to the catalyst.

Coated materials

A reaction comprising the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, eg in vehicle exhausts, employs a catalyst composed of metal oxide, eg. ceria, particles among which are uniformly incorporated noble metal particles, the particles having such a high interaction that, without hydrogen reduction pre-treatment, the catalyst exhibits the formation of anionic vacancies on the metal oxide surface at a temperature lower than does the corresponding catalyst prepared by impregnation. The catalyst employed is preferably prepared by co-precipitation.

Method of using catalyst containing noble metal and cerium dioxide

The dehydrogenation of an alkane to an alkene, especially isobutane to isobutene, is carried out in admixture with oxygen and in the absence of added steam over a dehydrogenation and oxidation catalyst comprising a platinum group metal deposited upon a support. A catalyst comprising platinum deposited on a support which is a mixture of tin oxide and zirconium oxide possesses good activity for the dehydrogenation of an alkane, especially carried out in this way.

Catalysts

A catalyst comprising catalytic material on a support, the catalytic material comprising platinum, and the support consisting essentially of at least one of zirconia, tin oxide and titania, which catalyst contains less than 400 ppm of chlorine atoms based on the weight of catalytic material plus support, is useful for reducing the content of nitrogen oxides in a flue gas containing them, oxygen and 5-3000 ppm by volume of sulphur dioxide by admixing ammonia with the flue gas and passing the mixture over the catalyst.

Reduced chlorine containing platinum catalysts

A reaction comprising the oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide, eg in vehicle exhausts, employs a catalyst composed of metal oxide, eg ceria, particles among which are uniformly incorporated noble metal particles, the particles having such a high interaction that, without hydrogen reduction pre-treatment, the catalyst exhibits the formation of anionic vacancies on the metal oxide surface at a temperature lower than does the corresponding catalyst prepared by impregnation. The catalyst employed is preferably prepared by co-precipitation.

Catalyst

Catalysts, particularly for combating air pollution from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, consist essentially of an intimate mixture of copper oxide and ceria, the weight of the copper oxide being less than the weight of the ceria.

Growing community of inventors

Reading, United Kingdom

John W Hayes