Westvaco Corporation

John W Gowan, Jr

Carlton G Force

John A Alford

David K Lo

A cationic group-carrying fluorescent compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)-alkynyl or (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkoxyl;

Quaternary ammonium fluorescent whitening agent, products thereof

A polyalkylene imide of high brightness and retention characteristics and low biological toxicity comprises a polyalkylene imine having covalently bound thereto at least one residue of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6) alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxyl;

Polyalkylene imide of high brightness and retention characteristics and

A paper additive of high whiteness and low biological toxicity comprising a whitening amount of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl R' is independently H or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, R' is H or NR'.sub.n, and n is 2 or 3, wherein if n=3 the compound further comprises X.sup.-, wherein X.sup.- is an anion. A paper of high whiteness and low biological toxicity is coated or filled with the above additive, and a food product is packaged with the paper of this invention.

Fluorescent whitening agents, products comprising the agent and method

A polyacrylamide of high brightness and retention characteristics and low biological toxicity comprises a polyacrylic acid having covalently bound thereto at least one residue of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkenyl, (C.sub.2 -C.sub.6)alkynyl or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkoxyl;

Polyacrylamide whitener of high brightness and retention characteristics

A one-pot process for preparing a polymer carrying pendant organic residues attached thereto via linking bridges comprises forming an organic solvent solution or suspension of an organic acid, distilling off a water-organic solvent azeotropic solution therefrom to form an organic solvent solution or suspension of the corresponding anhydride of the organic acid, admixing into the organic solvent solution or suspension of the corresponding anhydride a polymer comprising pendant moieties capable of reacting with the --COOH residues of the organic acid derivatized polymer having at least one pendant residue of the organic acid attached thereto via a bridge resulting from the reaction of the --COOH residue of the acid and the pendant reactive residues of the polymer, and free organic acid under conditions permitting the formation of an organic ester or amine-bridged polymer and separating the derivatized polymer from the organic solvent solution of the free organic acid.

Preparation of polymers with pendant organic moieties bound thereto via

A process is disclosed for sizing cellulose fibers with rosin-base materials in the substantial absence of alum, which can be performed at a neutural pH. According to the process, a saponified fortified rosin is added to the cellulose fibers in the presence of a cationic starch and a cationic polymer of at least medium weight and medium charge.

Non-alum sizing

Disclosed as an emulsion polymerization emulsifier is a half vinyl ester of C.sub.21 -dicarboxylic acid of the general formula ##STR1## wherein x and y are integers from 3 to 9, x and y together equal 12, one Z is COOH and the other Z is hydrogen. The emulsifier may be blended as a mixture with disproportionated fatty acids and/or C.sub.21 -dicarboxylic acid.

Emulsion polymerization emulsifier

In the emulsion copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile, the copolymer yield can be increased by adding certain antioxidant compounds to the emulsifier. These antioxidant compounds include an aromatic portion and a fatty acid portion, and may be, for example, a hydroquinone-fatty acid ester.

Method for copolymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile

A sulfonated dicarboxylic acid is disclosed as a cosurfactant for its efficacy in lowering foam in alum-containing aqueous dispersed rosin size, and particularly in calcium-containing dispersed rosin size systems. The sulfonated dicarboxylic acid additive also enhances alum sensitivity of the dispersed rosin size. The addition of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, DSS, cosurfactant to a salt of sulfuric acid half ester surfactant-containing dispersed rosin size lowers the tendency for foaming and increases the sensitivity of the size to alum with an attendant increase in sizing efficiency.

Process for foam lowering and improvement of alum sensitivity of

A series of inorganic salts are disclosed for their efficacy in lowering surfactant requirements and foam in aqueous dispersed rosin size. The salts are best employed as additives to the surfactant prior to addition of surfactant to molten rosin during preparation of the aqueous dispersion. Selected chlorides, fluorides, nitrates and sulfates of aluminum, calcium, cobalt, lead, magnesium, sodium and tin are disclosed as being effective within a range of about 0.01% to 0.1% by weight of rosin at a surfactant level of about 3.5%. Aluminum nitrate at a level of 0.04 to 0.055% by weight of the rosin, at a surfactant level of 3.5%, is preferred.

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Washington, DC, United States of America

John W Gowan, Jr