The B. F. Goodrich Company

Other

E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

John T Lai

Pyong N Son

Pyong-Nae Son

George Kletecka

Deborah S Filla

Ronald M Kovach

Peter Smith

Robert W Layer

Leonard E Kosinski

Charles P Jacobs

Chong-Kuang Shaw

Eric Chien Lai

Eileen Jennings

Valerie B Whitehead

Pyong Nae-Son

An adjustable window blind cord stopper includes a locking guider slidably connected on a lift cord of the window blind assembly by constructing an adjustable knot at a guiding through slot of the locking guider. In which, in an unlocked position that the adjustable knot is normally loosen with respect to the locking guider, the cord stopper is adapted for sliding along the cord in such a manner that when the adjustable knot is positioned above the guiding through slot, the cord stopper is adapted to slide downwardly along the lift cord, and when the adjustable knot is positioned below the guiding through slot, the cord stopper is adapted to slide upwardly along the lift cord. Thereby, the folding or unfolding condition of the slats of the window blind assembly can be locked up by sliding the cord stopper between an upper position and a lower position.

Adjustable window blind cord stopper

A method of manufacturing an alkylated diphenylamine composition to generate an alkylated diphenylamine composition with relatively low amounts of unsubstituted diphenylamine, based on the total weight of substituted and unsubstituted diphenylamine in the alkylated diphenylamine composition. The method includes reaction of unsubstituted diphenylamine with at least two olefins. In at least some instances, the alkylated diphenylamine composition may be used, for example, as an antioxidant in a lubricating fluid or polymer composition.

Method of manufacturing alkylated diphenylamine compositions and products thereof

A process for monoalkylating diphenylamine using a clay catalyst is disclosed which results in a reaction product having substantial amounts of desirable monoalkylated diphenylamine and minimal amounts of less desirable disubstituted diphenylamine and unsubstituted diphenylamine. The disclosed process uses clay catalysts which favor monoalkylation over dialkylation and specific conditions such as reaction temperature, mole ratios of alkylating olefin to diphenylamine, reaction times, and catalyst amounts. Preferred olefins are diisobutylene and linear alpha olefins having from 6 or 8 to 18 carbon atoms. When more than 1 wt. % residual unreacted diphenylamine is present it may be converted to alkylated diphenylamine by reacting with styrene, alpha-methylstyrene or isobutylene.

Liquid alkylated diphenylamine antioxidant

A process for monoalkylating diphenylamine using clay catalyst is disclosed which results in a reaction product having substantial amounts of desirable monoalkylated diphenylamine and minimal amounts of less desirable disubstituted diphenylamine and unsubstituted diphenylamine. The disclosed process uses clay catalysts which favor monoalkylation over dialkylation and specific conditions such as reaction temperature and mole ratios of alkylating olefin to diphenylamine.

An oligomer from diarylamines is disclosed which has desirable antioxidant properties in lubricating oils which contain synthetic ester lubricants. The oligomer is desirable for use at higher temperatures where it has less volatility than simple diarylamines. The oligomer has substantial portions of monosubstituted diphenylamine repeat units which result in linear oligomers. Di and polysubstituted diphenylamines may optionally be present as repeat units. These di and polysubstituted diphenylamines generally react as monofunctional reactants in oligomerization and tend to reduce the number of repeat units in the average oligomer.

Synthetic lubricant antioxidant from monosubstituted diphenylamines

Disclosed is a method for decolorizing alkylated diarylamines, which have been made using aluminum chloride catalyst, by mixing and optionally heating the colored diarylamine with clay, then separating the decolorized diarylamine from the clay. Alternatively, the alkylated diarylamines, which have been made using aluminum chloride catalyst, may be decolorized by passing the diarylamines through a filter medium comprising clay.

Decolorization of alkylated diarylamines

Only two symmetrical stabilizers in a polyolefin or copolymer thereof, provide thermooxidative ('TO') or antioxidative ('AO') stability. One is an arylphosphite or arylfluorophosphite; the other is a monomolecular tri-substituted triazine in which each of three chlorine atoms on a trihalo-s-triazine is substituted with a piperazinone in which the N atom in the 4-position is alkylated. Only a trace amount of phosphite, at least 0.01 phr but less than 0.1 phr, is used so that the ratio of the piperazinone-substituted stabilizer to ester is greater than 1; additional phosphite has no noticeable effect. The trace amount of phosphite has a surprising booster effect, giving the stabilized composition excellent TO stability. Articles thermoformed from the stabilized polyolefin or copolymer thereof may be used under the hood or the dash of a vehicle, and, in containers for packaging goods, all of which articles are subject to TO degradation even if they are not subject to ultraviolet light degradation.

Thermooxidative stabilization of polyolefins with an

A branched chain polyalkylene polyamine ('PAPA') having plural amine groups, including a secondary amine group intermediate terminal primary amine groups one of which is hindered, and having at least two carbon atoms between each group, is selectively reductively alkylated with a ketone. The reaction provides a convenient method for selectively reductively alkylating a PAPA having a hindered primary amine group, the method comprising contacting the PAPA with hydrogen and the ketone in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a Group VIII metal on a catalyst support, at a pressure in the range from about 500-1000 psi and a temperature in the range from about 50.degree. C. to about 200.degree. C. for a period of time sufficient to preferentially alkylate the unhindered amine primary terminal amine group. The alkylation proceeds essentially without alkylating either the sterically hindered terminal primary amine group or the intermediate unhindered secondary amine group.

Process for making alkylated polyalkylenepolyamines by selective

Excellent color stabilization as well as fiber integrity is obtained in bright sunlight at relatively high temperature, in polyolefin (PO) articles pigmented with red, yellow, and orange azo and disazo pigments, by combining the pigment with two `large molecule` primary stabilizers, the first an oxo-piperazinyl-triazine based (PIP-T) hindered amine light stabilizer (HALS), and the second, a 3,5-disubstituted-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzoate (3,5-DHBZ). The first contains at least two polysubstituted piperazinone rings in its molecule; the second is a hindered phenol with an ester group in the para- position. Stabilization of the PO's color is obtained for as long as the PO articles themselves are stabilized by the combination of primary stabilizers. With the combination, the pigmented articles are not only thermooxidatively and light-stabilized, but there is exceptionally low color fade. Because fibers may be extruded twice for better distribution of pigment, a small amount, no more than 0.1 phr of secondary melt-stabilizers, may be used. Blue- green- red- orange- and yellow-pigmented PO articles exhibit less than a .+-.3 change in color (color fading) due to degradation of the pigment, over the useful life of the articles, or a period of exposure resulting in absorption of 1240 Kjoules. Such exposure of pigmented articles, deemed equivalent to normal outdoor use over a period of more than 10 years, results in essentially no visible loss of color due to degradation of the pigment.

Multi-component stabilizer system for polyolefins pigmented with azo and

Excellent stabilization to bright sunlight, is obtained in polypropylene (PP) fibers pigmented with Red 144, by combining the pigment with N-(substituted)-1-(piperazin-2-one alkyl)-.alpha.-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-.alpha.,.alpha.-substituted acetamide ('3,5-DHPZNA' for brevity). Stabilization of the red color is obtained for as long as the PP fibers themselves are stabilized by the 3,5-DHPZNA. 3,5-DHPZNA is a known hybrid stabilizer having a hindered amine N-(substituted)-1-(piperazin-2-one alkyl) group at one end, and a hinderd phenol (3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) group at the other. This particular hybrid, containing a piperazinone group, combined through a disubstituted alpha carbon atom of the acetamide in a single molecule, affords the advantages of each group with respect to its stabilization of the fiber against degradation, but without the expected adverse interaction of each group with Red 144 pigment. With 3,5-DHPZNA and Red 144 pigment, essentially no secondary stabilizer is necessary. Red PP fibers so stabilized, exhibit an acceptably low level of discoloration (color faidng) due to degradation of the pigment, over the useful life of the PP fibers. When exposed to sunlight for 6 months in Florida at a 45.degree. South exposure, the red PP fibers suffer essentially no loss of color due to degradation of the pigment. Retention of red color in articles exposed to sunlight over their useful life, is of great practical value in clothing and household goods made from woven or non-woven fabrics of Red 144-pigmented PP fibers.

Stabilized polypropylene fibers pigmented with red 144

Alkylated polyalkylene polyamines and process for selective alkylation

Excellent stabilization of polypropylene (PP) fibers exposed to sterilization levels of gamma radiation, is obtained with a hybrid stabilizer having a N-(substituted)-1-(piperazin-2-one alkyl) group at one end and a (3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-.alpha.,.alpha.-disubstituted acetamide at the other. When this hybrid of a hindered amine with a hindered phenol is combined through a disubstituted alpha carbon atom of the acetamide in a single molecule, it affords the advantages of each group with respect to its stabilization against oxidation, but without the known inherent disadvantages of either group. This molecule is N-(substituted)-1-(piperazin-2-one alkyl)-.alpha.-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-.alpha.,.alpha.-substituted acetamide molecule ('3,5-DHPZNA' for brevity). When the hybrid stabilizer is incorporated into PP fibers which are exposed to gamma irradiation, the PP fibers exhibit only a barely noticeable discoloration, yet are inculcated with a unique property: though exposed to 4 Mrad of gamma radiation, the PP fibers suffer essentially no loss of their original, pre-irradiated tensile strength after about seven months at 60.degree. C. in an oven. This property is atypical of PP fibers stabilized with several other hindered phenols and hindered amines tested. The unexpected retention of tensile strength in 3,5-DHPZNA stabilized PP fibers used in articles exposed to a sterilizing dosage level of gamma radiation, is of great practical value. Particularly in such articles as clothing and household goods made from woven or non-woven fabrics of dyed or pigmented PP fibers, in which goods slight discoloration is acceptable, this invention is of commercial importance.

Stabilized gamma-irradiatable polypropylene fibers and sterilizable

An oxo-piperazinyl triazine with three piperazinone substituents, each of which has an alkylated N.sup.4 atom ('MPIP-T'), used in an amount no more than 0.2 phr, and without any secondary stabilizer (hence referred to as a 'virgin MPIP-T'), and in particular, without any hindered phenol antioxidant, or phosphorous acid ester, simultaneously provides thermooxidative stability and stability against degradation by UV light along with acceptable melt processability. Further, the virgin MPIP-T allows (i) uninterrupted operation of a die or mold while maintaining the surfaces of the cavities essentially contaminant-free; and, (ii) excellent AO stabilization which is equivalent to that obtained with a premier hindered phenol AO, and superior to that obtained with the premier oligomeric piperidinyl-triazine compound, when each stabilizer is used in the same amounts by weight in a thermoplastic synthetic resinous substrate.

Thermooxidative stabilization of polymers with a N4-alkylated

N-substituted, N-(polysubstituted-4-piperidinyl)-.alpha.-(3,5-dialkyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-.a lpha., .alpha.-disubstituted acetamide ('3,5-DHPIPA') generates an exceptionally stable hindered acetamide aroxyl radical which is far more stable than the 'blue aroxyl radical' derived from 2,4,6-tri-tert-butyl-phenol, which radical was heretofore adjudged the standard of superior stability and resistance to degradation due to heat, oxygen and light, the compound having been specifically disclosed as a uv-stabilizer. The hindered aroxyl amide radical which is at least ten times more stable than the 'blue aroxyl radical' heretofore deemed stable, may be generated by 3,5-DHPIPA compounds prepared by a peculiarly effective synthesis known as the ketoform reaction. This ketoform reaction is unexpectedly well-adapted to produce the 3,5-DHPIPA compounds which we have been unable to produce by any other synthesis known to us. The stability of the hindered aroxyl amide radical inculcates an organic material in which a 3,5-DHPIPA compound is dispersed, with excellent stability. The use of a combination of 3,5-DHPIPA compounds, or a combination of a 3,5-DHPIPA compound with with known stabilizers, particularly the phosphites and benzophenones, in a small but stabilizing amount, provides especially effective stabilization in polyolefins and a host of other synthetic resinous materials.

N,N-disubstituted,

An essentially single stage reaction has been discovered in which a disubstituted ethanolamine, that is, a 2,2'-substituted-2-aminoethanol, may be reacted with a haloform and a carbonyl containing compound selected from the group consisting of monoketones and benzaldehyde, in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide, and optionally in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, to produce an alkali metal hydroxyethylaminoacetate ('HEAA') which has N-adjacent C atoms on which there are a total of at least three substituents (hence 'polysubstituted'), and one or both pairs of substituents on each N-adjacent C atom may be cyclized. The HEAA may be cyclized by the action of a mineral acid to produce a 2-morpholone hydrochloride which is characterized by having a total of at least three substituents on the N-adjacent C atoms of the ring. The 2-morpholone so produced may be reduced to a polysubstituted aminodiol. The aminodiol so produced may be cyclized with an alkane sulfonic acid to yield a polysubstituted morpholine which could not otherwise have been made. The aminodiol may also be alkylated to produce diethers with polysubstituted N-adjacent C atoms. If the aminodiol is tosylated, a polysubstituted crown ether is produced with plural polyalkylene groups. The foregoing HEAA and related compounds are used as u-v light stabilizers in novel compositions in which a small but effective amount of one or more of the HEAA and related compounds is incorporated, in an amount sufficient to produce desirable stabilization against degradation by u-v light in a wide variety of organic materials.

Growing community of inventors

Broadview Heights, OH, United States of America

John T Lai