US Government As Represented by the Secretary of the Army

John Suarez

Michael Shur

Mark A Govoni

Meredith Reed

Sergey Rudin

Greg Rupper

Moses Mingle

Breijha Anderson

Various embodiments are described that relate to failure determination for an integrated circuit. An integrated circuit can be tested to determine if the integrated circuit is functioning properly. The integrated circuit can be subjected to a specific radiation such that the integrated circuit produces a response. This response can be compared against an expected response to determine if the response matches the expected response. If the response does not match the expected response, then the integrated circuit fails the test. If the response matches the expected response, then the integrated circuit passes the test.

Terahertz plasmonics for testing very large-scale integrated circuits under bias

Various embodiments associated with a heads-up display capable of functioning while underwater are described. An underwater mask can have a segment that a diver sees through and this segmented can be augmented with various portions that disclose information to the diver. These portions can relate to the diver herself or relate to other information such as the location of a source transmitting a signal. With these portions the diver can quickly learn about important information and act on that information.

Underwater heads-up display

Various embodiments are described that relate to wave transmission from a vehicle, and reception of a response to the transmitted wave. A vehicle wheel can include a sensor that transmits a radio wave in front of the vehicle. The radio wave can reflect off a non-uniformity, such as a speed bump or pothole, and be returned to the sensor. A controller can compare the transmitted wave against the returned wave to identify the existence of the non-uniformity.

Vehicle-mounted wave transmission and wave response reception

Various embodiments associated with signal conversion while underwater are described. A source can transmit an alternating current signal with a relatively high frequency over a relatively long distance. The alternating current signal with the relatively high frequency can be converted to an alternating current signal with a relatively low frequency. An example of this conversion can be done by converting the alternating current signal with the relatively high frequency into a direct current signal. The direct current signal can then be converted into the alternating current signal with the relatively low frequency. The alternating current signal with the relatively low frequency can be transmitted from a transmission coil to a pick-up coil. After reception by the pick-up coil the alternating current signal with the relatively low frequency can be processed, such as processed to determine a direction of the source of the alternating current signal with the relatively high frequency.

Underwater signal conversion

Various embodiments are described that relate to random number generation. When a desire arises for a random number a circuit can be completed with a reverse biased semiconductor-junction element. When the circuit is completed an analog voltage spike can be produced that is random due to properties of the reverse biased semiconductor-junction element. This analog voltage spike can be converted into a digital value that serves as the random number. The digital value can be outputted and used as the random number.

Semiconductor-junction-derived random number generation with triggering mechanism

Various embodiments are described that relate to a proportional-integral-derivative controller. The proportional-integral-derivative controller obtains an input voltage and from the input voltage produces an output voltage. Achievement of a particular output voltage can be accomplished through variable resistances in the proportional-integral-derivative controller. To realize these variable resistances, a switching capacitor set can be employed. The switching capacitor set can include individual capacitors with switches. The switches can function with a switching frequency. The switching frequency causes individual capacitors to function with an effective resistance. The resistance can directly correspond to the switching frequency. To change the resistance, the switching frequency can be changed.

Switched-capacitor tuning of a proportional-integral-derivative controller

Various embodiments are described that relate to a switched-capacitor in a chaotically modulated communication device. For one chaotically modulated communication device to communicate with another chaotically modulated communication device, the devices should be finely tuned with one another. To achieve this fine tuning, the devices can employ a switched-capacitor set that can function as a variable resistor set. Employing the switched-capacitor set can cause achievement of precise resistances that allow the devices to successfully communicate with one another.

Chaotically modulated communications with switched-capacitance resistance tuning

Various embodiments that pertain to surface non-uniformity detection through use of radio waves are described. A vehicle can transmit radio waves to an area the vehicle is traveling to, such as a road in front of an automobile. The automobile can receive and process returned radio waves to determine if the road has a non-uniformity, such as a significant pothole or speed bump. If the road has the non-uniformity, then a driver of the automobile can be alerted so the driver can decide if evasive action should be taken and take such action if appropriate.

Timing and synchronization of radio waves for scanning, detection, and measurement of surface non-uniformity

Surface non-uniformity determination with radio waves

Various embodiments that pertain to electronic element matching are described. Having electronic elements, such as transistors, matching can be relatively easy in an integrated circuit environment. Transitioning to a discrete circuit environment, finding electronics elements that match one another can be more challenging. If the electronic elements themselves do not match, then their outputs will not match. To compensate for these mismatches, when one wants the outputs to be matched, an output of one of the electronic elements can be modified so that the outputs are matched. Therefore, a discrete circuit can be produced that functions similarly to that of an integrated circuit.

Integrated circuit topologies for discrete circuits

Various embodiments are described that relate to random number generation. When a desire arises for a random number a circuit can be completed with a reverse biased semiconductor junction element. When the circuit is completed an analog voltage spike can be produced that is random due to properties of the reverse biased semiconductor-junction element. This analog voltage spike can be converted into a digital value that serves as the random number. The digital value can be outputted and used as the random number.

Various embodiments are described that relate to signal distortion for delay and attenuation. A transmission antenna can transmit a baseline signal to a reception antenna and then transmit a test signal to the reception antenna. The baseline signal and test signal can be processed to determine undesirable attenuation and delay coefficients. These coefficients can be transmitted back from the reception antenna to the transmission antenna. Based on these coefficients, a determination can be made on how to modify a signal of interest such that the signal of interest arrives from the transmission antenna to the reception antenna absent the undesirable attenuation and delay coefficients. The transmission antenna can transmit the modified signal of interest such that it arrives at the reception antenna absent the undesirable delay and attenuation coefficients.

Growing community of inventors

Brooklyn, NY, United States of America

John Suarez