Nanogen, Inc.

Gamida for Life B.v.

John R Havens

Howard Reese

Thomas J Onofrey

Theodore M Winger

Jainamma Krotz

Daguang Wang

Daniel D Smolko

Daniel E Raymond

Charles H Greef

Paul David Swanson

Michael James Heller

Gregory J Kevorkian

Michael K Krihak

Regina Rooney

Kristie L Lykstad

Jain Krotz

Shila Jalali

John J Scott

Alan Harper

Matt Simpson

Daniel J Smolko

Methods of addressing a biomolecule to a selectively addressable electrode are described. A permeation layer overlying a plurality of selectively addressable electrodes is provided. The permeation layer includes a reactive group that is adapted to bond to a biomolecule and that requires activation through a chemical transformation before bonding to the biomolecule. At least one selectively addressable electrode is biased such that a pH change occurs in an overlying solution of the at least one selectively addressable electrode. The reactive group in a portion of the permeation layer above the at least one selectively addressable electrode is then chemically transformed to an activated reactive group as a result of the pH change. A biomolecule is then bound to the permeation layer overlying the at least one selectively addressable electrode through the activated reactive group.

Biomolecular attachment sites on microelectronic arrays and methods thereof

The present invention provides improved synthetic polymer hydrogel permeation layers for use on active electronic matrix devices for biological assays. The present invention includes methods for forming a permeation layer on an array of microelectrodes including the steps of attaching a linker to the surface of the array and providing a polymerization solution that includes a porogen. The surface of the array is then contacted with the polymerization solution and the polymerization solution is then polymerized on the surface of the array to form a permeation layer that is attached o the surface of the array through the linker. The porogen is then removed from the permeation layer, thereby creating void spaces in the permeation layer.

Mesoporous permeation layers for use on active electronic matrix devices

The present invention provides improved synthetic polymer hydrogel permeation layers for use on active electronic matrix devices for biological assays. The present invention includes methods for forming a permeation layer on an array of microelectrodes including the steps of attaching a linker to the surface of the array by treating the surface with a linker by vapor deposition and providing a polymerization solution that includes at least one monomer having a polymerizable moiety, a modified streptavidin, a surfactant or porogen, and a cross-linking agent. The surface of the array is then contacted with the polymerization solution and the polymerization solution is then polymerized on the surface of the array to form a permeation layer that is attached o the surface of the array through the linker.

The present invention provides improved synthetic polymer hydrogel permeation layers for use on active electronic matrix devices for biological assays. The permeation layers have a defined porous character, with mesopores in a size range between about 100 nanometers and about 1000 nanometers, and may also have micropores in the micrometer size range. The mesoporous synthetic hydrogel permeation layers demonstrate improved signal intensity and linearity characteristics as compared to nanoporous synthetic hydrogel permeation layers on active electronic matrix devices. In addition, the present invention also provides synthetic polymer hydrogel permeation layers which contain copolymerized attachment sites for nucleic acid probes or other biomolecules.

The field of the present invention relates generally to a microstructure apparatus which may be used in a high-throughput screening context to monitor the rate of reaction of an enzyme with its substrate in cases where the product of the reaction has an altered net charge. For example, the systems and methods disclosed herein may be used to detect the activity of phosphatase enzymes, proteases and kinases on charged peptide substrates. The microstructure devices of the present invention comprise a plurality of microstructures, wherein each microstructure comprises a capture matrix located between two electrodes.

Microstructure apparatus and method for separating differently charged molecules using an applied electric field

The present invention pertains to a method of, and a device created by, depositing an inorganic permeation layer on a micro-electronic device for molecular biological reactions. The permeation layer is preferably sol-gel. The sol-gel permeation layer can be created with pre-defined porosity, pore size distribution, pore morphology, and surface area. The sol-gel permeation layer may also function as the attachment layer of the micro-electric device.

Inorganic permeation layer for micro-electric device

Growing community of inventors

San Diego, CA, United States of America

John R Havens