The Boeing Company

John R Fischer

Marc Rollo Matsen

Ronald W Brown

David S Nansen

Gary W Coleman

Elizabeth M Mull

Daniel G Sanders

Paul S Gregg

Lee Charles Firth

Brad Lee Kirkwood

Larry Dean Hefti

Matthew G Kistner

Jeffrey D Will

Frederick W Buldhaupt

Dwayne C Joseph

Chris J Takayama

There are provided an apparatus and an associated method for manufacturing superplastically formed structural assemblies from preforms. The apparatus includes first and second co-operable dies structured to define a die cavity therebetween for at least partially receiving the preform, at least one heater in thermal communication with the die cavity for heating the preform to a forming temperature, and at least one injector in fluid communication with the die cavity. The injector is structured for injecting pressurized gas into the die cavity to urge the preform against one of the dies to form the preform into the structural assembly. Further, at least one of the injectors is structured for injecting a quenchant into the die cavity to thereby heat treat the structural assembly while distortion of the structural assembly is being at least partially restrained by at least one of the dies.

Apparatus for forming and heat treating structural assemblies

Apparatus and methods for single sheet forming using induction heating include a pair of dies defining a die cavity for containing a workpiece, which is inductively heated by an oscillating magnetic field within the die cavity. A susceptor is positioned between the workpiece and one die surface defined by one of the dies. The susceptor is capable of coupling with the oscillating magnetic field to induce a current within the susceptor to heat the susceptor. The susceptor transfers heat to the workpiece. An inlet for pressurized forming fluid injects the fluid between the susceptor and the workpiece to form the workpiece into direct contact with a forming surface defined by one of the dies. The susceptor may be electrically connected to the workpiece to inhibit electrical arcing from the susceptor to adjacent electrically conductive components when current is induced in the susceptor. The apparatus may further include a seal frame that releasably engages the workpiece to form a pressurizing cavity between the susceptor and the workpiece. The inlet injects the fluid into the pressurizing cavity to develop and apply forming pressure to the workpiece.

Apparatus and methods for single sheet forming using induction heating

Method and apparatus for forming and heat treating structural assemblies

A die liner for use in a die having a die body wherein the die body is configured to form a workpiece. The die liner is a discrete structure that is configured to be used in conjunction with the die body. The die liner defines a forming surface for forming the workpiece and is configured to have at least one characteristic that is different than a corresponding characteristic of the die body such that the die liner increases the durability of the die.

Induction processable ceramic die with durable die liner

An apparatus and method for heat treating a structural member, for example, to relieve stresses therein, are provided. The structural member is restrained in a die cavity by one or more inflatable bladders so that a desired dimensional accuracy is achieved. The structural member can be heated by an electromagnetic field generator, such as an induction coil, that heats one or more susceptors to a characteristic Curie temperature. The apparatus can be used to process structural members of various sizes and shapes, and the heating and cooling cycle can be performed relatively quickly.

Method and apparatus for induction heat treatment of structural members

An induction heating device for manufacturing a part by heating the part to a predetermined temperature. The induction heating device includes an induction coil connected to an electrical power supply for generating an electromagnetic flux field. A smart susceptor of the heating device is positioned in the electromagnetic flux field and includes a magnetically permeable material supported by a mesh structure. The magnetically permeable material generates heat in response to the flux field. The mesh structure provides support for the magnetically permeable material and closely conforms to the desired outer geometry of the part. The magnetically permeable material may be applied as a powder to the mesh using a hot spray gun, allowing tight conformance of the susceptor to the part geometry while avoiding forming limits of sheet metal susceptors.

Smart susceptor having a geometrically complex molding surface

A superplastically formed, diffusion bonded sandwich structure having integral metal hardpoints, made by joining two superplastic metal core sheets together into a core pack by welding or diffusion bonding along a pattern of lines which form junction lines between the core sheets when the pack is inflated by gas pressure at superplastic temperatures. Face sheets are laid under and over the core pack and metal inserts are interposed between the face sheets and the core. All of the sheets in the pack are sealed together around an outside peripheral edge to create a gas tight envelope. The pack is heated to superplastic temperatures in a cavity in a die, and the top and bottom face sheets are diffusion bonded to top and bottom surfaces of the metal insert by application of heat and pressure from top and bottom inner surfaces of the die cavity. While at superplastic temperatures, the pack is inflated by gas pressure against inside surfaces of a die to form an expanded metal sandwich structure having integral webs and integral hardpoints formed by the metal insert. After forming, the gas pressure is reduced to near atmospheric, the die is opened and the part is removed from the die.

Metal sandwich structure with integral hardpoint

A superplastically formed part having tailored thickness in particular areas includes a formed blank having a preformed portion and a formed portion. The preformed portion is preformed as a bulge into a recess in a die lid, and then the bulge is reversed into a cavity in a die base as a prethinned area which delivers unthinned portions of the blank for final forming to regions of the die base cavity over which thinned portions of the blank would otherwise be formed and further thinned by final forming.

Superplastic forming part

A superplastically formed part having tailored thickness in particular areas Includes a formed blank having a preformed portion and a formed portion. The preformed portion is preformed as a bulge into a recess in a die lid, and then the bulge is reversed into a cavity in a die base as a prethinned area which delivers unthinned portions of the blank for final forming to regions of the die base cavity over which thinned portions of the blank would otherwise be formed and further thinned by final forming.

Deep draw superplastically formed part using prethinning

A process for superplastically forming a part from a blank of superplastic material such as titanium alloy, including enclosing and capturing a sheet of superplastic material having uniform thickness between a die lid and a die base. The die lid has a deep recess where localized prethinning of the blank would minimize excessive thinning of the formed part elsewhere on its topography. The peripheral edges of the blank is clamped between the lid and the base by exerting a squeezing force, typically be a press, and the die is heated, along with the blank, to the superplastic temperature of the blank. The die base is pressurized to preform portions of the blank opposite the lid recess into the recess to form a prethinned bulge. After preforming, the die lid above the blank is pressurized to reverse the prethinned bulge down into the cavity and to form the blank into the cavity. The localized prethinning facilitates forming in areas that would tend to form slowest or least and makes material available for other areas of the part that would normally become excessively thinned by virtue of the shape of the adjacent areas or depth of the die cavity, thereby making possible the tailoring of thickness in particular areas of the formed part.

Prethinning for superplastic forming

A die for superplastically forming a blank of superplastic material to make a part includes a die base enclosing a cavity having a topography shaped like the part, and a die lid shaped and sized to fit over the die base and engage a peripheral surface of the die base around the cavity. The die lid has an underside communicating with the die cavity and a recess opening in the underside positioned in the die lid to overlie an area on the die cavity at which the blank othewise would experience insufficient thinning during superplastic forming of the blank. Gas vents are provided in the base and the lid for first delivering forming gas under pressure into the cavity to preform the blank into the lid recess to prethin the blank in the thick areas, and thereafter vent the cavity gas pressure and deliver forming gas under pressure to the lid to form the blank into the cavity in the die base. The blank is prethinned in the recess and delivers areas of the blank unthinned to areas of the cavity which otherwise would experience excessive thinning.

Die for superplastic forming

A gas management system for delivering forming gas under a controlled pressure through a first portion of a piping network to a region of a forming die between a die lid and a blank to be formed in a superplastic forming machine includes a gas pressure regulator in the piping network and two control loops. The first control loop has a first pressure transducer communicating with the piping network downstream of the gas pressure regulator and operatively with the gas pressure regulator. The second control loop includes a pulse controller downstream of the first pressure transducer and a second pressure transducer communicating with the piping network downstream of the pulse controller and operatively with the pulse controller. The gas pressure regulator receives signals from a controller to adjust the pressure at which the gas pressure regulator opens to release gas through the pressure regulator. The system delivers inert gas to a superplastic forming die at a predetermined pressure on a predetermined schedule to achieve optimum forming speed and quality.

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Winthrop, WA, United States of America

John R Fischer