Lexmark International, Inc.

Other

International Business Machines Corporation

Acta Technology Inc

John Melvin Olson

George P Marshall

Bryan Patrick Livengood

Michael Thomas Moore

Trent Duane Peter

Vincent Wen-Hwa Ting

Michelle Kathryn Morris

John Joseph Earley

Minerva Piffarerio

Gary Allen Denton

Bradley Leonard Beach

Kasturi Rangan Srinivasan

Donald Leo Elbert

James F Feeman

Cary Patterson Ravitz

Terence E Franey

Tao Yu

Rick Owen Jones

Bryan Michael Blair

James Craig Minor

Robert L Vollmer

Donald A Stremel

Philip C Lyman

Joseph Edward Johnson

Rodney O Aulick

Albert Mann Carter, Jr

Franklin Dilworth Zartman

Timothy L Feaver

Allen C Sanders

Jodi P Walsh

Jodi Lynne Walsh

Ronald James Whildin

This invention covers nanofluids. Nanofluids are a combination of particles between 1 and 100 nanometers, a surfactant and the base fluid. The nanoparticles for this invention are either pyrogenic nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes. These nanofluids improve the heat transfer of the base fluids. The base fluid can be ethylene glycol, or propylene glycol, or an aliphatic-hydrocarbon based heat transfer fluid. This invention also includes a method of making nanofluids. No surfactant is used to suspend the pyrogenic nanoparticles in glycols.

Nanofluids and a method of making nanofluids for ground source heat pumps and other applications

A toner formulation is disclosed comprising a binder and an IR absorbing black pigment at a concentration of 0.25-2.0% by weight, including one or more infrared transmissive pigments, wherein the infrared transmissive pigments are configured to provide a black color. Such toner formulation may provide a response to a toner patch sensor to indicate a mass per unit area of 0.1-1.5 mg/cmor a reflectance relative to a substrate to define a reflectance ratio that varies relative to L* values for the toner over the range L*=0-50 or a bulk reflectivity of greater than 6.0% for a portion of the wavelength range of 850-2000 nanometers.

Black toners containing infrared transmissive and reflecting colorants

The present invention relates to toner compositions containing extra particulate additives. The additives may include a mixture of silica particles having differing BET surface areas and may include an acicular inorganic oxide. The control of such additives may be relied upon to control toner performance with respect to functional performance considerations such as filming and/or overall print quality.

Toner formulations containing extra particulate additives

Chemically prepared toner is manufactured by aggregation in which the binder resin is a latex copolymer having a methacrylic acid ester of long chain, saturated alkyl, which may be lauryl methacrylate. This binder resin has a small amount by weight of acrylic acid component and has other nonionic components, which may be styrene and butyl acrylate moieties. Aggregation is carried out in an aqueous medium, which may have organic solvent components. The aggregation is then heated, and because of the selection of the binder resin to have the long chain ester, the heating step has minimal effect on particle size.

Chemically prepared toners with size limiting binders

Toner is rounded by vigorously mixing less than about 5 percent by weight of particulate silica to the total weight of a starting toner in a closed, recirculating air system. The starting toner contains at least about 4.5 percent by weight of the starting toner of a wax and additionally contains at least 5 percent by weight of the starting toner of a softening agent. The temperature during the mixing is no more than 13 degrees C. above the onset of the glass transition temperature of the starting toner. The final toner comprises rounded starting toner having particulate silica embedded during the mixing process.

Closed air circulation toner rounding

A system for charging batteries by applying a high voltage finish charge to a battery with an electronic charging device connected in series between a state-of-the-art charging system or alternator and the to-be-charged battery, without the use of any other external power source.

Battery finish charge device

The present invention is a random copolymer and its use to compatibilize the components of mixtures of immiscible polymeric materials used in the preparation of toner formulations.

Random copolymers used as compatibilizers in toner compositions

A dry, powder electrostatic toner having polyester resin as a binder, pigment as a colorant, charge control ingredients polyethylene wax as a release agent, and extra particulate elements to improve flow and to scrub the doctor blade, one extra particular element is hydrophilic rutile acicular titanium oxide with aluminum oxide surface treatment, two silicas are blended within the bulk of the toner, one of BET surface area of about 30 m /g and one of BET surface area of about 380 m /gn; and an organoboron complex negative exchange control agent is blended with a quaternary ammonium salt of an aluminosilicate compound negative charge control agent. Improved functioning as a toner is realized.

Toner formulations

Toner particulates include a release agent which comprises a functionalized enhancing agent and a wax. The toner particulates may be used to improve dry fuser release and to improve color clarity in overhead transparencies.

Toner comprising wax and functionalized enhancing agent

Toner particulates include a first resin comprising a cross-linked copolymer; a second resin comprising a non-cross-linked copolymer; and a wax comprising an ethylene propylene copolymer. The cross-linked copolymer is a copolymer other than the wax comprising an ethylene propylene copolymer and the non-cross-linked polymer is a copolymer other than the wax comprising an ethylene propylene copolymer.

Toner particulates comprising an ethylene propylene wax

A alkali-soluble dye for a waterfast ink having structural formula as follows: ##STR1## and an ink containing the dye dissolved in water. Printing from the ink is insoluble below pH 6.0; is an intense black at low concentration; and remains black on acid papers. The aqueous inks are stable and exhibit good printhead nozzle maintenance.

Waterfast dye and aqueous ink

An ink jet printing ink is first formulated in concentrated form, and in this form it is subjected to stressful operating conditions such as an elevated temperature. This stress causes particle formation. After filtration to remove these particles, the final ink formulation is prepared, including for the first time ingredients which inhibit particle formation.

Ink jet inks and method of making

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Boulder, CO, United States of America

John Melvin Olson