Shell Oil Comapny

Halliburton Company

Halliburton Services

John K Borchardt

Hon C Lau

Bill M Young

Jeffrey G Southwick

Kirk Herbert Raney

David L Brown

Myron Ira Kuhlman

S Prabhakara Rao

Andrew H Falls

Charles W Smith

This invention related to a process for the deinking of office wastepaper stocks which comprises:

Office wastepaper deinking process

This invention related to a process for the deinking of office wastepaper stocks which includes: converting the wastepaper to a pulp, contacting the pulp with an aqueous medium of alkaline pH containing between about 0.05 and about 2 percent by weight, calculated on a dry weight basis of the pulp, of a deinking agent which is at least one fatty alcohol having in the range of from about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms, without the use of other deinking agents, and treating the resulting pulp-containing medium by washing or flotation to removed suspended ink therefrom.

Office wastepaper deinking process using fatty alcohols

The invention therefore relates to a process for the deinking of wastepaper stocks which comprises:

Wastepaper deinking process

The invention relates to a process for the deinking of wastepaper stocks comprising converting the wastepaper to a pulp and contacting said pulp with an aqueous medium having a pH of about 7 or less containing a surface active deinking agent, and thereafter subjecting the resulting pulp-containing medium to one or more wash and/or flotation steps which is carried out at a pH of about 7 or less to remove suspended ink therefrom and to condition said pulp-containing medium for subsequent addition to a paper machine.

A process to produce a stable suspension of block copolymer particles in a water medium, and a stable suspension of block copolymer particles in a water medium is provided. The block copolymer is a polar functional group-containing vinyl aromatic/conjugated diolefin block copolymer which may optionally be hydrogenated. The use of C.sub.15 to C.sub.24 linear alkyl aromatic sulfonates has been found to be critical in preparation of these stable dispersions.

Block copolymer dispersions and process to prepare block copolymer

A process to produce a stable suspension of block copolymer particles in a water medium, and a stable suspension of block copolymer particles in a water medium is provided. The block copolymer is a polar functional group--containing vinyl aromatic/conjugated diolefin block copolymer which may optionally be hydrogenated. The use of C.sub.15 to C.sub.24 linear alkyl aromatic sulfonates has been found to be critical in preparation of these stable dispersions.

Improved gas foam flooding surfactants and gas foam-forming mixtures wherein the surfactants are enriched in olefin disulfonate. The surfactants may be used in either a gas drive or a gas soak process. Use of the disulfonate-enriched gas foam surfactants and mixtures in a gas flooding operation is also described.

Gas flood surfactants enriched in olefin disulfonate

An improved process for recovering oil by flowing a mixture of steam and steam foam surfactant into an oil-containing subterranean reservoir, the improvement provided by using surfactants enriched in olefin disulfonate. The surfactants may be used in either a steam drive or a steam soak process. Disulfonate-enriched steam foam surfactants and mixtures are also described.

Steam foam surfactants enriched in alpha olefin disulfonates for

This invention provides a process for the hydraulic fracturing of a subterranean formation, which comprises introducing into the formation under fracturing pressure a fracturing fluid comprising solid particulate suspended in a fluid dispersion comprising water, a specified gaseous or supercritical component, and a surfactant component selected from a certain class of polysaccharide compounds. For purposes of this invention, the gaseous or supercritical carbon dioxide and gaseous nitrogen, carbon dioxide and C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof. The polysaccharide component comprises one or more surfactants of the formula RO(R.sup.1 O).sub.x Sacc.sub.z, wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having a carbon number in the range from about 7 to 24, R.sup.1 represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about 2 to about 4 carbon atoms, x is a number having an average value in the range from 0 to about 12.0, and Sacc.sub.z represents an average number z between about 0.7 and 10.0 of moieties derived from reducing saccharides containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms. R preferably represents an alkyl, alkylphenyl, hydroxyalkyl phenyl, or hydroxyalkyl moiety having a carbon number in the range from about 8 to about 20; the optional (R.sup.1 O) group is (when present) preferably an oxyethylene group; x is preferably between about 0 and 8.0, and is most preferably 0; Sacc preferably represents a glucose, galactose, glucosyl or galactosyl residue, and most preferably represents a glucose residue; and z is suitably between about 0.7 and 10.0, and is most preferably between about 1.3 and 4.0. Seawater and brines suitably serve as the source of the water. Dispersions formed from these three components are viscous foams which are highly stable under the conditions typically encountered in applications of hydraulic fracturing processes.

Hydraulic fracturing in subterranean formations

An improved process for recovering oil by injecting a mixture of noncondensible gas and gas foam surfactant into an oil-containing subterranean reservoir, the improvement provided by using a surfactant enriched in olefin disulfonate. The sulfactant may be used in either a gas drive or a gas soak process. Disulfonate-enriched gas foam surfactants and mixtures are also described.

Gas flooding with surfactants enriched in olefin disulfonate

A gas flooding process for displacing oil within a reservoir is improved by injections of a surfactant having a composition and concentration correlated with those of the brine used to remain substantially within the water phase of the injected fluid at a concentration below the critical micelle concentration of the surfactant.

Gas flooding with dilute surfactant solutions

The mobility of fluids in substantially oil-free zones of subterranean formations is controlled by introducing a composition comprising (a) water, (b) a fluid component selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof, and (c) one or more polysaccharide surfactants of the formula RO(R.sup.1 O).sub.x Sacc.sub.z, wherein R is a monovalent organic radical having a carbon number in the range from about 7 to 24; R.sup.1 represents a divalent hydrocarbon radical containing from about 2 to 4 carbon atoms; x is a number having an average value in the range from 0 to about 12; and Sacc.sub.z represents an average number z between about 0.7 and 10 of moieties derived from reducing saccharides containing 5 or 6 carbon atoms. The resulting mixture of components (a), (b), and (c) forms a dispersion, or a 'foam' as that term is commonly used in the art, which is resistant to fluid flow. In certain preferred embodiments, the invention is applied to a formation having both one or more zones of high oil saturation and one or more zones which are substantially free of oil. In such embodiments, the process accomplishes a selective reduction of the permeability of a subsequently injected oil displacement or drive fluid into and through the substantially oil-free zones, without significantly reducing mobility of the drive fluid flow into and through the zones having meaningfully high oil saturation.

Selective permeability reduction of oil-free zones of subterranean

An improvement to a steam foam enhanced oil recovery process, whereby the time between injection of a surfactant and the resulting increase in steam injection pressure is reduced by initially injecting a rapidly-foaming surfactant, such as an internal olefin sulfonate, a vinylidene olefin sulfonate, or secondary alkane sulfonate, and subsequently injecting a typical steam foam surfactant that forms foam less rapidly.

Method to obtain rapid build-up of pressure in a steam foam process

A process for enhancing the recovery of oil from a subterranean oil-containing reservoir having a temperature of at least about 40.degree. C., which comprises steps for

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Houston, TX, United States of America

John K Borchardt