The Dow Chemical Company

United States of America As Represented by the Secretary of the Air Force

John J Kester

Curtis L Volkmann

Gregory A Stevens

H Craig Silvis

Mark D Newsham

Iyad A Dajani

Peter M Ranon

Michael J Mullins

Thomas G Alley

Method and apparatus are provided for NLO switching by first providing a phase-matched SHG grating which outputs a reinforced SHG beam only when two input beams of frequency (.omega.) are present in two modes of such wg. The so encoded NLO switch is operated by directing at least two input pulsed laser beams of frequency (.omega.) into the two modes of the wg to generate a reinforced pulsed output SHG beam and output same from the wg in an NLO switching process. The two input beams desirably have a separate pulse train and the spatial and temporal overlap of the input beams are adjusted such that at least some of the pulses of each pulse train sufficiently overlap to generate and output reinforced SHG pulse signals and thus output an on-off data signal. A detector then reads and processes the output signals. Such NLO switch will allow integrated circuitry to operate at faster rates and to allow, eg. aircraft to communicate, switch, compute, sense, display and respond much faster than state-of-the-art circuitry based on electronics switching.

Nlo waveguide 'and' switch and method therefor

Method and apparatus are provided for NLO switching by first providing an amorphous waveguide (wg) encoded with gratings which produce phase-matched SHG in at least two wg modes. Then two input pulsed laser beams (preferably beams split from the same source) are directed into and propagate in the wg, one beam in each of the two modes so as to generate two phase-matched SHG beams in one mode by the use of gratings of the invention. The fundamental beams produce SHG beams which are about 180.degree. out of phase with each other. The two input beams are adjusted such that some of the pulses in their respective pulse trains overlap spatially and temporally, interfere and are cancelled to output a data signal in a resultant pulse train. A detector then reads and processes the output signals. Such NLO switch will allow integrated circuitry to operate at faster rates and to allow, e.g. aircraft to communicate, switch, compute, sense, display and respond much faster than state-of-the-art circuitry based on electronics switching.

NLO waveguide 'or' switch and method therefor

The present invention is directed to a novel epoxy polymeric composition resulting from reacting (A) at least one compound containing an average of more than one epoxide group per molecule with (B) at least one curing agent for component (A). At least a portion of the curing agent (B) is at least a first curing agent compound which contains (a) an average of more than one active amine hydrogen atom per molecule and (b) an average of at least one aromatic ring which contains at least one pendant monovalent electron withdrawing group. The present invention also includes a process for preparing the above polymeric materials. The polymeric materials of the present invention also exhibit nonlinear optical capabilities when formed into an optically transparent medium with a noncentrosymmetric alignment of molecules. The nonlinear optical materials of the present invention are useful in electrooptic devices for use in communications and data-processing. Nonlinear optical films produced from the polymeric material show a reduced tendency to reorient due to thermal motion.

Cured epoxy resins exhibiting nonlinear optical properties

Cured epoxy resins exhibiting second-order nonlinear optical response

The present invention is directed to epoxy-based polymeric nonlinear optical materials in which a nonlinear optical active moiety or functionality forms the crosslink between polymer chains and a process for making the nonlinear optical (NLO) epoxy polymer including heating an epoxy resin and a curing agent such as a bi- or tri-functional aromatic amine containing an electron-withdrawing group, for example, diamino diphenylsulfone and poling the mixture under high voltage at elevated temperature for a period of time to bring about orientation of the nonlinear optical moieties in the polymer. The polymers have enhanced stability over polymers in which only one end of an NLO active moiety is attached to the polymer chain.

Nonlinear optical materials

The present invention is directed to an epoxy-containing polymeric material having nonlinear optical properties, particularly a glycidyl amine polymer, and a process for making the nonlinear optical (NLO) epoxy-containing polymeric material including poling the polymeric material under high voltage at elevated temperature for a period of time to bring about orientation of the nonlinear optical functionalities in the polymer. The polymers have enhanced thermal stability and good NLO properties.

Epoxy polymeric nonlinear optical materials

Epoxy polymeric nonolinear optical materials based on glycidyl amines

The present invention describes a polymeric nonlinear optical (NLO) material in which NLO active groups are integral to the polymer chain and a process for producing the NLO material. The polymeric NLO material has recurring monomeric units of the following formula: ##STR1## where X is a divalent electron-donating group, Ar is a conjugating group, A is a divalent electron-withdrawing group and n is an integer of at least 3. The NLO material may be, for example, a poly(benzene sulphonamide) or a poly(p-benzamide). The polymeric material is prepared by applying a stress to the NLO polymer to induce orientation of the NLO active groups in the polymer such that the material exhibits nonlinear optical capabilities.

Novel polymeric nonlinear optical materials from anisotropic dipolar

A method for adhesively bonding a first body to a second body, the first body comprising a metallic substrate, such as a piece of steel, or comprising a metallic substrate and a filler therein, such as ceramic fiber reinforced aluminum, the second body comprising any type of substrate, such as a piece of glass, plastic or metal. The first body is pretreated by placing it in the path of an energy beam, such as a laser beam, to form projections on the metallic substrate by evaporation and/or melting of the metallic substrate of the first body, substantially all of the projections being less than 20 micrometers in height, or to expose filler by evaporation of the metallic substrate of the first body. The second body can be untreated, pretreated as above or pretreated another way, such as by solvent washing or sandblasting. An adhesive is then coated on the pretreated area of the first body and the first body adhered to the second body. The cured adhesive interlocks with the projections and/or the exposed filler to produce a stronger bond. Similarly, an object, such as a rubber gasket, can be molded to a so-pretreated body so that the cured molding compound interlocks with the projections and/or the exposed filler to produce a stronger bond between the molded object and the so-pretreated body. The invention is also an article made by the method.

Method for molding over a preform

A method for adhesively bonding a first body to a second body, the first body comprising a non-metallic substrate, such as a piece of rubber, or comprising a non-metallic substrate and a filler therein, such as a piece of fiberglass reinforced plastic, the second body comprising any type of substrate, such as a piece of glass, plastic or metal. The first body is pretreated by placing it in the path of an energy beam, such as a laser beam, to form projections on the non-metallic substrate by evaporation of the non-metallic substrate of the first body, or to expose filler by evaporation of the non-metallic substrate of the first body. The second body can be untreated, pretreated as above or pretreated another way, such as by solvent washing or sandblasting. An adhesive is then coated on the pretreated area of the first body and the first body adhered to the second body. The cured adhesive interlocks with the projections and/or the exposed filler to produce a stronger bond. Similarly, an object, such as a rubber gasket, can be molded to a so-pretreated body so that the cured molding compound interlocks with the projections and/or the exposed filler to produce a stronger bond between the molded object and the so-pretreated body. The invention is also an article made by the method.

Method for adhesive bonding with pretreatment of components

A method for adhesively bonding a first body to a second body, the first body comprising a metallic substrate, such as a piece of steel, or comprising a metallic substrate and a filler therein, such as ceramic fiber reinforced aluminum, the second body comprising any type of substrate, such as a piece of glass, plastic or metal. The first body is pretreated by placing it in the path of an energy beam, such as a laser beam, to form projections on the metallic substrate by evaportion and/or melting of the metallic substrate of the first body, substantially all of the projections being less than 20 micrometers in height, or to expose filler by evaporation of the metallic substrate of the first body. The second body can be untreated, pretreated as above or pretreated another way, such as by solvent washing or sandblasting. An adhesive is then coated on the pretreated area of the first body and the first body adhered to the second body. The cured adhesive interlocks with the projections and/or the exposed filler to produce a stronger bond. Similarly, an object, such as a rubber gasket, can be molded to a so-pretreated body so that the cured molding compound interlocks with the projections and/or the exposed filler to produce a stronger bond between the molded object and the so-pretreated body. The invention is also an article made by the method.

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Midland, MI, United States of America

John J Kester