Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.

Dow Corning Corporation

John Herbert Frey

Zbigniew Zurecki

David Robert Battice

Allen Robert Arnold

Ranajit Ghosh

Lenin J Petroff

Robert B Swan

Robert E Stevens

Michael Allen Stanga

James Bryan Taylor

Robert F Hoffman

Rakesh Agrawal

Kevin Rodney Lassila

Stephan Herman Wendel

Jean-Philippe Trembley

Xiaoguang Zhang

Lance Michael Grimm

George Matthew Harriott

Kevin Francis Mansfield

Krunoslav Muha

Karla Asuncion Sabram

Guido Plicht

Timothy Charles Boyer

Bruce Edward Snyder

Philip Burton Jewell, Jr

Harald Schillak

Robert Bruce Swan

An apparatus and a method are disclosed for reducing a thickness of a thermomechanically-affected layer on an as-machined surface of a hard metal workpiece being machined by a hard cutting tool exerting a thermomechanical load on a surface of the workpiece. The method involves reducing the thermomechanical load on the surface of the workpiece, and the apparatus includes a means for reducing the thermomechanical load on the surface of the workpiece.

Apparatus and method for machining of hard metals with reduced detrimental white layer effect

A cryogenic fluid jet is used in an apparatus and a method for remote cooling of a cutting tool engaged in machining a workpiece under high-energy conditions, such as high-speed machining, hard-turning, cutting of difficult to machine materials, and combinations thereof. The apparatus and method use a stabilized, free-expanding cryogenic fluid jet having a pulse cycle time less than or equal to about 10 seconds. The apparatus and method increase the cleanliness of machined parts and chips and machining productivity of hard but brittle tools, including but not limited to tools which should not be cooled with conventional cooling fluids.

Apparatus and method of cryogenic cooling for high-energy cutting operations

A method and apparatus for improving the surface finish and/or surface integrity of a workpiece formed or shaped with a tool increase the surface hardness of the workpiece during forming or shaping of the workpiece. A method and apparatus for forming or shaping a workpiece also increase the surface hardness of the workpiece during forming or shaping of the workpiece with a tool, as do a method and apparatus for manufacturing a finished part or product from a workpiece. In some embodiments, an expanding jet of cryogen may be jetted to a surface of a workpiece and a tool from a nozzle, wherein the cryogen is at least partially separated into a condensed phase portion and a vapor portion within a downstream portion of the nozzle.

Apparatus and method for improving work surface during forming and shaping of materials

A method and an apparatus or machining a workpiece include the use of a cryogenically cooled oxide containing ceramic cutting tool. The method involves cryogenic cooling of the cutting tool during a cutting operation, which cooling results in enhanced wear resistance and fracture resistance of the cutting tool. A preferred embodiment involves jetting a cryogenic fluid directly at the cutting tool.

Apparatus and method for machining with cryogenically cooled oxide-containing ceramic cutting tools

A process is set forth for cold rolling of a metal strip, wherein the metal strip passes through a nip between two counter-rotating rolls, driven in counter-rotation substantially at room temperature, wherein a cold and/or liquefied gas, preferably an inert gas, is blown into the area of the nip or roll gap. A roll stand according to the present invention comprises two counter-rotating rolls forming a nip or rolling gap and nozzle means for blowing a cold and/or liquefied gas, preferably an inert gas, through at least one orifice of said nozzle means into the area of the roll nip. Preferably, the temperature of the cold and/or liquefied gas is appreciably lower than room temperature.

Process and roll stand for cold rolling of a metal strip

A method and apparatus are set forth for transferring a cryogenic fluid. A polymeric, coaxial (i.e. &ldquo;tube-in-tube&rdquo; geometry) transfer line is utilized where a first portion of the cryogenic fluid flows through the inner tube while a second portion flows through an annulus between the inner tube and outer tube which annulus is at a lower pressure than the inside tube. In one embodiment, the inner tube is substantially non-porous and the transfer line is preceded by a flow control means to distribute at least part of the first and second portions of the cryogenic fluid to the inner tube and annulus respectively. In a second embodiment, the inner tube is porous with respect to both gas permeation and liquid permeation such that both a gaseous part and a liquid part of the first portion permeates into the annulus to form at least a part of the second portion.

Apparatus and method for transferring a cryogenic fluid

Silicone surfactants for making polyurethane flexible molded foams

Silicone surfactants for the production of open cell polyurethane flexible foams

A method for preparing a flexible or semi-flexible polyurethane foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant, and a cell opening additive characterized in that the cell opening additive comprises an aqueous dispersion of particles comprising a wax substance and optionally an emulsifier, at least 35% of the particles having a size of 0.2 to 5 microns and a melting point which ranges from 0 to 55.degree. C. below the maximum foam exotherm temperature.

Aqueous wax dispersions as cell openers in making polyurethane flexible

A method for preparing a polyester polyurethane flexible slabstock foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyester polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent and a silicone surfactant characterized in that the silicone surfactant comprises the reaction product of 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-hepta(hydrocarbyl)trisiloxane coupled with polyalkyleneoxide mono allyl ether and capped with a succinic anhydride.

Polyester polyurethane flexible slabstock foam made using reduced

A method for preparing a polyurethane flexible molded or rigid foam by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in the presence of urethane catalyst, water as a blowing agent, optionally a silicone surfactant cell stabilizer, and a cell opener characterized in that the cell opener comprises the reaction product of 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-hepta(hydrocarbyl)-trisiloxane coupled with polyalkyleneoxide mono allyl ether and capped with a C1-C20 hydrocarbyl group-containing succinic anhydride.

Low emission, cell opening surfactants for polyurethane flexible and

Silicone surfactants having a siloxane backbone and polyether pendants having average atomic masses of 2250. The surfactants of the invention operate in polyurethane foam compositions to provide stable foams over a range of surfactant concentrations while still producing product foams without splits. Also disclosed and claimed are polyurethane foam compositions which include the surfactants, a method of making polyurethane foam using the surfactants, and polyurethane foam made by the method.

Polyether silicone surfactants for the manufacture of urethane foams

A process for selectively preparing predominantly noncyclic polyalkylene polyamines wherein one or more linear alkyleneamines are reacted in the presence of a mordenite catalyst under conditions sufficient to effect a disproportionation reaction. Preferably, the catalyst is prepared by treating the mordenite with an amount of a phosphorus-containing moiety sufficient to provide a catalyst which is impregnated with from about 0.01 to 15 wt % elemental phosphorus based upon the total weight of the impregnated mordenite catalyst. The process is especially useful in the production of diethylenetriamine wherein ethylenediamine is reacted in the presence of LZ-M-8 catalyst which has been treated with an amount of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate sufficient to provide a catalyst which is impregnated with from about 0.1 to 8 wt % elemental phosphorus based upon the total weight of the impregnated mordenite catalyst. The products can be isolated by conventional techniques such as distillation.

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Allentown, PA, United States of America

John Herbert Frey