Clearwater International LLC

Weatherford/lamb, Inc.

Sme Associates, Inc.

John H Hallman

Kevin W Smith

Larry W Gatlin

William J Hyland

Ray R Veldman

Joseph Miller

Lori Acor

Rusty R Mackey

Jeff Diaz

William Larry Lewis

Carboxylate salts of amines are used as components of heat exchange fluids. The amines may have a ratio of N to C of 1:0 to 1:12 and the carboxylate anion may be derived from an acid of the formula H(CH)COOH. A preferred monoamine heat exchange fluid utilizes triethanolamine formate. Lower carboxylate salts of diamines and triamines having the formula R[N[(CH)NR]]R where each R is independently selected from moieties of the formula &#x2014;CHand moieties of the formula H[O(CH)]&#x2014;, each m is independently a number from 1 to 6, and each n is a number from 1 to 4, are disclosed as compounds.

Heat exchange fluids comprising amine carboxylates

Heat exchange fluids

Low concentrations, 1&#x2013;10% of potassium salt, especially potassium formate, are used in a drilling fluid in oil production. Preferably they are used with guar derivatives, most preferably carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar. The concentration of potassium formate is maintained at the desired level by adjusting the potassium formate to maintain a desired Zeta potential in the circulating drilling fluid. The potassium formate/guar derivative composition may be used in the substantial absence of hydrophilic clay additive.

Hydrocarbon recovery

Air intake temperature in a gas turbine is regulated by a heat exchange fluid having a low viscosity at low temperatures. The circulated heat transfer fluid preferably comprises an alkali metal formate, most preferably potassium formate. The potassium formate may be blended with other alkali metal formate(s), with alcohol, glycols, salt brines, or any combination of glycols, alcohols, Sodium Nitrite, Sodium Nitrates, Potassium Chloride, Sodium Chloride, water and/or or other salt brines.

Optimizing inlet air for gas turbines

Moisture is removed from gas by contacting the gas with a solution of potassium formate to remove moisture from the gas, regenerating the potassium formate solution by removing water from it, and returning the potassium formate solution to contact gas to dehydrate it. Regeneration of the potassium formate solution is most preferably accomplished in a cavitation regenerator. The gas is most preferably natural gas.

Gas dehydration with cavitation regeneration of potassium formate dehydrating solution

A heat transfer fluid comprising potassium formate is used to good effect in line heaters for heating natural gas in gas transmission lines, and for other uses. The solution is heated in a liquid heat transfer medium in a fluid heating zone and transferred to a gas heating zone.

Method of heating a fluid using a line heater comprising an alkali metal formate

Potassium or other alkali metal formate solution is used to absorb moisture from gas through a membrane. The membrane may be supported on permeable tubes, and the potassium or other alkali metal formate may be regenerated for reuse, preferably by a cavitation regenerator. The potassium or other alkali metal formate should be present as a 40-80% solution, most preferably 70-76%. The process is especially useful for the dehydration of natural gas.

Gas dehydration using membrane and potassium formate solution

Fire hydrants are protected from freezing by including potassium formate, preferably at least 10% by weight, in the water enclosed in them during nonuse.

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New Waverly, TX, United States of America

John H Hallman