Westinghouse Electric Corporation

Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation

The United States of America As Represented by the United States

John F Jackovitz

Earl A Pantier

Narsingh Bahadur Singh

Steven H Peterson

Steven Strauch

William D Partlow

David W Coffey

Albert M Stewart

Thomas S Snyder

Harry M Ferrari

Edward S Buzzelli

Richard P Kunkle

Joseph Seidel

James D Smith

Armand J Panson

Robert Mazelsky

Chia-Tsun Liu

David Zuckerbrod

Hilary Moyes

Robert Mazelski

Crystals formed of a solid-solution of NiSiF.sub.6 6H.sub.2 O provide very good materials for filtering ultraviolet light and will not deteriorate in temperatures as high as 115.degree. C. They are particularly useful in sensing devices which seek to identify the presence of ultraviolet light in the UV missile warning band.

Crystals for ultraviolet light filters

Crystals formed of a solid-solution of K.sub.2 Ni(SO.sub.4).sub.2 6H.sub.2 O provide very good materials for filtering ultraviolet light and will not deteriorate in temperatures as high as 110.degree. C. They are particularly useful in sensing devices which seek to identify the presence of ultraviolet light in the UV missile warning band.

Crystals formed of a solid-solution of Ni(BF.sub.4).sub.2 6H.sub.2 O provide very good materials for filtering ultraviolet light and will not deteriorate in temperatures as high as 110.degree. C. They are particularly useful in sensing devices which seek to identify the presence of ultraviolet light in the UV missile warning band.

A bifunctional gas diffusion electrode used in an electrochemical energy cell wherein a multi-ply composite layer containing an embedded metal screen current collector provides electrical power via the reduction of oxygen from air in the presence of an electrolyte and a catalyst. The electrode stores electrical power via the evolution of oxygen in the presence of an electrolyte and another catalyst. More than one composite layer may be used. Each ply of any particular composite layer is made of carbon-containing material of varying wettability and a fluorocarbon material. Each hydrophobic central ply contain a metal screen current collector. These central plies are prepared in a way to foster fissuring throughout the ply. Such fissuring, along with a hydrophilic impregnate forced into these fissures, permits controlled electrolyte penetration of the hydrophobic ply. Hydrophilic end plies sandwich the central ply and produce a large surface area for catalyzed oxygen reduction during the cell discharge cycle or catalyzed oxygen generation during cell charge cycle.

Bifunctional gas diffusion electrodes employing wettable, non-wettable

Both a method and apparatus for separating zirconium isotopes by balanced ion migration in a counterflowing electrolyte are disclosed herein. In the method of the invention, zirconium chloride is dissolved in a solution of HCl, and a voltage of between 2 and 50 volts is applied across the electrolyte to create a flow of zirconium ions toward the cathode, and a counterflow of chlorine ions toward the anode which is balanced such that the lighter weight isotopes of zirconium migrate toward the cathode while the heavier weight zirconium isotopes stay in the vicinity of the anode. The apparatus of the invention includes a polarizing assembly formed from a bundle of small diameter glass tubes aligned between the anode and the cathode. The internal shape of the tubes impedes kinetic agitation movement of the zirconium ions in all directions except in the direction between the anode and the cathode, thereby expediting the separation process. Glass frits are used to partition off the electrolyte in the region of both the anode and the cathode so that the isotopes which eventually accumulate in these regions may be drawn off with a minimum of fluid agitation.

Apparatus and method for separating zirconium isotopes using balanced

The invention is both a system and method for continuously separating heavier from lighter isotopes of a particular element, such as zirconium. The system comprises a housing, a column assembly rotatably mounted with respect to the housing which includes a plurality of vertically oriented separation cells arranged in a circle, each of which contains a packing material, both a feed electrolyte source and a barren electrolyte source, each of which has an outlet mounted in the housing for continuously introducing either a feed electrolyte or a barren electrolyte into each of the cells as they rotate past the outlets, and upper and lower electrodes disposed over the upper and lower ends of the separation cells for inducing the electromigration of the lighter zirconium ions toward the lower ends of each of the separation cells. A drain assembly disposed beneath the column assembly continuously collects isotopic enriched electrolyte from the bottom ends of the separation cells. The speed of rotation of the column assembly is coordinated with the rate of eluant flow through the cells so that the same segments of the annular tray of the drain assembly continuously collect eluant enriched in a particular type of zirconium isotope.

System and method for continuous separation of isotopes

Disclosed is a battery having an anode selected from the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, and mixtures and alloys thereof, an oxygen electrode as the cathode, and means for maintaining the anode and the cathode in an electricity-generating relationship when the battery is placed in salt water. Also disclosed is a method of producing electricity by positioning the anode and cathode in a saline electrolyte whereby the reaction

Seawater power cell

A silver-iron battery is made comprising a case 14 and a cover 15 within which are disposed at least one silver electrode 11, at least one iron electrode 12, a separator system 13 between the electrodes and an alkaline electrolyte, where the separator system contains at least a layer of low density polyethylene, having a density of from about 0.91 g./cm.sup.3 to about 0.92 g./cm.sup.3, graft co-polymerized with an acrylic material, disposed next to the silver electrodes, and at least a layer of high density polyethylene, having a density of from about 0.95 g./cm.sup.3 to about 0.96 g./cm.sup.3, graft co-polymerized with an acrylic material, disposed next to the iron electrodes, and where a layer of cellophane can also be included next to the low density polyethylene and a middle layer of low density polyethylene and be included between the cellophane and the high density polyethylene.

Separator systems for silver-iron batteries

A phosphoric acid fuel cell having an improved electrolyte comprising concentrated H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 and at least 0.5 wt. percent lauryl dimethyl amine.

Surfactant addition to phosphoric acid electrolyte

The zirconium 91 isotopic content of zirconium is reduced by forming a solution of a zirconium compound and a scavenger of 8-hydroxyquinoline or its derivatives, and irradiating the solution with light at a wavelength which excites the compound so that it reacts with the scavenger. Because the molecules containing the zirconium 91 isotope remain excited longer, they react disproportionately with the scavenger. The reaction product, which precipitates from the solution, is therefore enriched in the zirconium 91 isotope. Micelle-forming agents can be added to the solution to enhance the isotopic enrichment.

Process for separation of zirconium isotopes

A process for the separation of zirconium values from hafnium values wherein a solution of a zirconium chelate complex and a hafnium chelate complex, each having a common ligand, is irradiated with light, of a wavelength between 300 nm and 700 nm, in the presence of a scavenger, such that one of the metal chelate complexes is excited and reacts with the scavenger to form a reaction product that is separated from the solution while the other of the metal chelate complex remains stable and is retained in the solution.

Process for separation of zirconium from hafnium

A high capacity battery material is made, consisting essentially of hydrated Ni(II) hydroxide, and about 5 wt. % to about 40 wt. % of Ni(IV) hydrated oxide interlayer doped with alkali metal cations selected from potassium, sodium and lithium cations.

Alkali slurry ozonation to produce a high capacity nickel battery

A battery plate is made by loading a supporting porous metallic plaque with an electrode paste comprising: (1) NiCO.sub.3, (2) cobalt additive, (3) sufficient water to form a paste, and optionally (4) a deflocculant.

NiCO.sub.3 Electrode material and electrode

An iron active electrode and method of preparing same in which iron sulfate is calcined in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature in the range of from about 600.degree. C. to about 850.degree. C. for a time sufficient to produce an iron oxide with a trace amount of sulfate. The calcined material is loaded into an electrically conductive support and then heated in a reducing atmosphere at an elevated temperature to produce activated iron having a trace amount of sulfide which is formed into an electrode plate.

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Monroeville, PA, United States of America

John F Jackovitz