Shell Oil Comapny

John E Gwyn

Wesley A Parker

Thomas S Dewitz

Donald E Hardesty

Glenn R McCullough

Scott C Roberts

A Haluk Bilgic

George P Hinds, Jr

Norman C Samish

William Ridley Pledger

Abraham Kattan

The invention includes a method of reducing hydrocarbon emissions from electronic port fuel injected engines by feeding to the catalytic converter an amount effective to reduce hydrocarbon emissions from the engines of chlorine or a chlorine compound.

Method of maintaining catalytic converter activity in gasoline vehicles

The present invention is an unleaded fuel composition containing a major amount of a hydrocarbon base fuel of the gasoline boiling range containing an amount effective to reduce NO.sub.x emissions from electronic port fuel injected engines of ammonia or an ammonium compound. The invention also includes a method of reducing NO.sub.x emissions from electronic port fuel injected engines by feeding to the engine exhaust gases at a point between the outlet valves and catalytic converter an amount effective to reduce NO.sub.x emissions from the engines of ammonia or an ammonium compound.

Method of reducing NO.sub.x emissions in gasoline vehicles

This process discloses a reduction in the content of ammonia in a regeneration zone off gas of a fluid catalytic cracking unit by the select recycle of certain sized ammonia decomposition catalyst particles. The ammonia decomposition may be aided by injection of NO.sub.x into the off gas. The particles are acquired from a separation means through which is passed the regeneration zone off gas. A solid-free regeneration zone off gas and a stream of solid particles, including a noble metal dispersed on an inorganic support, having a size of from 10 to 40 microns, are acquired. The latter segregated particles are then injected into the regeneration zone at a predetermined make-up rate to insure a very short residence time in the dense phase of the regeneration zone and to provide a relatively constant concentration of the NH.sub.3 decomposition catalyst in the dilute phase of the regeneration zone to convert NH.sub.3 to N.sub.2 and water vapor. The regeneration zone is operated in a partial combustion mode defined by a CO content of from 1 to 6 percent by volume.

Process for the reduction of NH.sub.3 in regeneration zone off gas by

The invention here disclosed is a novel apparatus and method for the separation of solid and fluid phases in a horizontal elongated cyclone separator with a novel inclined solid dropout continuous and uninterrupted slot in the bottom to transfer a solid phase via primary mass separation from either an upflow or a downflow reactor in the initial portion of the cyclone separator to a downcomer which may be equipped with a stripping function. The instant horizontal elongated cyclone separator is constructed to ensure an elongated helical flow path of the vapor phase with a minor portion of the catalyst particles therein from one end of the cyclone separator to a withdrawal conduit to disengage via secondary centrifical separation a minor portion of the solid phase from the fluid phase. The minor portion of the solid phase is thereafter transmitted to the stripping function by a vertical downcomer interconnecting the stripping function and the bottom of the horizontal elongated cyclone separator. The entire apparatus is constructed so that the tangential velocity of the fluid across the upper section or lower section of the reactor tube divided by the superficial axial velocity of fluid across the cross section of the withdrawal conduit is greater than 0.2 which guarantees formation of the vortex in the horizontal elongated cyclone separator.

Reactor and horizontal cyclone separator with primary mass flow and

Catalyst and hydrocarbon vapors are separated in a cyclone zone attached to the discharge of a riser cracking operation. A vortex stabilizer separating the cyclone zone from a stripping zone allows stripping gas from the stripping zone to be passed upwardly into the cyclone zone countercurrent to the downward flow of catalyst, thereby improving the separation and stripping of gaseous hydrocarbons from separated catalyst. The combined cyclone-stripping zone reduces catalyst hydrocarbon contact time, thereby improving gasoline yield and olefin content, decreasing gas make, and reducing coke deposits.

Apparatus for the separation of fluid cracking catalyst particles from

Catalyst and hydrocarbon vapors are separated in a cyclone zone attached to the discharge of a riser cracking operation. Vortex stabilizing means separating the cyclone zone from a stripping zone allows stripping gas from said stripping zone to be passed upwardly into said cyclone zone countercurrent to the downward flow of catalyst, thereby improving the separation and stripping of gaseous hydrocarbons from separated catalyst. The combined cyclone-stripping zone reduces catalyst hydrocarbon contact time, thereby improving gasoline yield and olefin content, decreasing gas make, and reducing coke deposits.

Separation of fluid cracking catalyst particles from gaseous hydrocarbons

A process of quenching an effluent containing materials having a tendency to coke is disclosed, the process being characterized by the quenching of the effluent in a quench zone wherein heat is transferred from the effluent through at least one heat exchange tube wall, and through a solid heat transfer medium surrounding the tube and in contact with the tube, to water, the temperature of the wall being maintained above the dew point of materials having a tendency to coke partly by the provision of the solid heat transfer medium which increases gradually in thickness from a point at or near the entry of the tube to a point at or near the exit of the tube.

Process for maintaining the temperature of a steam-making effluent above

A process for the transfer of heat between solids is described in which a particulate solid is allowed to fall at a substantially uniform rate through a dilute phase fluidized bed of another particulate solid.

Process for heat transfer with dilute phase fluidized bed

A method for reducing coking in quench units is disclosed, the method being characterized by removal of the coking materials from the quench liquid employed.

Coking prevention

A method of recovering heat energy from hydrocarbon pyrolysis effluent characterized by differentiated cooling systems, reduced coking, and high quality steam generation. Steam quality is improved by utilization of a minimum quenched effluent temperature of at least 370.degree. C.

Quench Process

A retorting process for recovery of hydrocarbonaceous fluids from subdivided solid materials, specifically oil shale, is described wherein the subdivided solid material is preheated, retorted, and subjected to heat recovery after retorting, heat transfer being effected by contacting the subdivided solid material as a dilute-phase fluidized bed in a separate preheating zone with a first particulate heat carrier, and with a second particulate heat carrier in a dense fluidized bed in a retorting zone. Separate particulate heat carriers are employed in such manner that one mass of heat carrier is utilized for preheating the solid material and heat recovery, and a second mass of heat carrier is utilized for retorting of the subdivided preheated solid material.

Process for production of hydrocarbonaceous fluids from solids such as

The producing of shale oil by mining and retorting oil shale is improved by compressing the spent shale into a mass that is capable of both fitting within the mined out volume and supporting the overburden.

Mining oil shale and backfilling with mechanically compressed spent shale

An oxygen-containing gas distribution apparatus is dicslosed which can be employed in the fluidized bed regeneraton of carbon-contaminated catalysts, such as cracking catalysts.Said apparatus comprises a plurality of gas discharge nozzles affixed to at least one manifold member substantially horizontally disposed at the lower end of the regeneration chamber, said nozzles being restricted in internal cross-sectional area in their upstream portion connected to the manifold member and expanded in the internal cross-sectional area of their downstream portion such that a) the numerical ratio of the difference between the diameter of the downstream portion and the diameter of the upstream portion divided by the length of the downstream portion taken in the direction of gas flow does not exceed 0.18 and b) the ratio of the diameter of the upstream portion to its length taken in direction of gas flow does not exceed 1.67.

Oxygen-containing gas distribution apparatus employed in fluidized bed

Waste material such as sewage biotreater sludge which is partially combustible and contains a substantial proportion of ash, including easily fusible salts, is incinerated in a fluidized bed incinerator provided with a special quench system which protects against premature plugging of the incinerator vapor withdrawal lines. The quench consists of a refractory-lined metal conduit ending approximately flush with the refractory lining of the incinerator in the upper portion of the incinerator dome, a second conduit at approximately right angles for withdrawal of vapors from the first conduit and quench water injection means adapted to inject quench water into the opening of the second conduit. Optionally, the system may be equipped with means for injecting a small proportion of the quench water into the incinerator vapor space just upstream from the vapor offtake conduit and with means for injecting a small proportion of the quench water against the vapor offtake conduit near its intake end, so as to wet the metal surface of the conduit. In the latter case, a lip is mounted on said intake end so as to distribute the water on the full circumference of the conduit and to keep water from the incinerator lining.

Fluidized waste incinerator and method

A system is disclosed for preventing gasoline vapors contained in air vented from gasoline storage tanks from entering the atmosphere, which includes a conduit to pass gasoline vapor-laden air to a bed of adsorbent for gasoline and, when the adsorbent approaches saturation, subjecting it to back-flushing, with or without heat, to an extent and for a time adequate to remove enough gasoline from the adsorbent to restore it to a regenerated condition, and incinerating the gasoline removed from the adsorbent bed.

Growing community of inventors

Katy, TX, United States of America

John E Gwyn