University of California

The Wellcome Foundation Limited

Other

Roussel Uclaf

John E Casida

Christopher J Palmer

John P Larkin

Ian H Smith

Michael Elliott

David A Pulman

John B Weston

Bachir Latli

Luis O Ruzo

Prem Dureja

Novel compounds are provided that modulate the neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), particularly the mammalian nAChR (m-nAChR). The compounds are substituted pyridine derivatives such as analogs of 1-&lsqb;(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl&rsqb;-2-imidazolidine and 1-&lsqb;(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl&rsqb;-2-iminothiazole. Methods of using the novel m-nAChR modulators are also provided, including methods of using the compounds as m-nAChR probes and as therapeutic agents to treat mammalian individuals suffering from conditions, disorders or diseases that are responsive to administration of an m-nAChR modulator. The compounds are useful in treating (1) CNS disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, AIDS-associated dementia, Tourette's Syndrome, attention deficit disorder, and attention deficit disorder, (2) inflammation and inflammatory diseases, (3) conditions caused by or associated with smooth muscle contractions, and (4) withdrawal symptoms associated with cessation of chemical substance abuse. The compounds are also useful as non-opiate analgesics, to treat mild, moderate or severe pain. Pharmaceutical formulations containing an m-nAChR modulator of the invention are provided as well.

Substituted pyridines as modulators of the mammalian neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## which contain between 10 and 27 carbon atoms, and wherein m and n are independently selected from 0, 1 and 2; R.sup.2a is hydrogen, methyl, or ethyl; R.sup.2b is acetylene or contains between 3 and 18 carbon atoms and is a group R.sup.7, wherein R.sup.7 is a C.sub.1-13 non-aromatic hydrocarbyl group, optionally substituted by a cyano or C.sub.1-4 carbalkoxy group and/or by one or two hydroxy groups and/or by one to five halo atoms which are the same or different and/or by one to three groups R.sup.8 which are the same or different and each contain one to four hetero atoms, which are the same or different and are chosen from oxygen, sulphur, nitrogen and silicon, 1 to 10 carbon atoms and optionally 1 to 6 fluoro or chloro atoms or R.sup.2b is a 6-membered aromatic ring substituted by cyano and/or by one to three groups R.sup.8 and/or by a group --C.tbd.CH, --C.tbd.C-R.sup.7 or C.tbd.C-halo and/or by one to five halo atoms and/or by one to three C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl groups wherein R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are as hereinbefore defined; R.sup.4 and R.sup.6 are the same or different and are chosen from hydrogen, methyl, trifluoromethyl or cyano; and R.sup.5 is hydrogen or methyl provided that R.sup.2b is not propyl or butyl are described which have pesticidal activity, particularly against arthropod pests. Pesticidal formulations containing the compounds of the formula (I), their use in the control of pests and method for their preparation are also disclosed.

Heterocyclic pesticidal compounds

Bicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptanes, bicyclo-[2,2,2,]-octanes and bicyclo-[2,2,3]-nonanes having 2 or 3 ring hetero atoms selected from O, S and N, substituted at the 1-position by a 4-alkynylphenyl group and at the 4-position and optionally at the 3 and/or 5-position are valuable pesticides, particularly insecticides and acaracides. The compounds may be prepared by reacting an alkyne with the corresponding 4-iodophenyl substituted compound or by debromination of the corresponding 4-dibromomethylphenyl substituted compound.

Trithiabicyclo[2,2,2]octanes

The present invention provides compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is a phenyl group, substituted fluorine atoms formulations containing them and their use in controlling pest infestation.

Pesticidal compounds

Bicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptanes, bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octanes and bicyclo-[2,2,3]-nonanes having 2 or 3 ring hetero atoms selected from O, S and N, substituted at the 1-position by a 4-alkynylphenyl group and at the 4-position and optionally at the 3 and/or 5-position are valuable pesticides, particularly insecticides and acaracides. The compounds may be prepared by reacting an alkyne with the corresponding 4-iodophenyl substituted compound or by debromination of the corresponding 4-dibromomethylphenyl substituted compound.

Pesticidally-active alkynylphenyl-substituted 1,3-oxathianes and related substituted compounds of the formula: ##STR1## and their use in controlling pests such as arthropods and helminths are described.

Alkynylphenyl-substituted 1,3-oxathione compounds with pesticidal

Bicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptanes, bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octanes and bicyclo[2,2,3]-nonanes having 2 or 3 ring hetero atoms selected from O, S and N, substituted at the 1-position by a 4-alkynylphenyl group and at the 4-position and optionally at the 3 and/or 5-position are valuable pesticides, particularly insecticides and acaracides. The compounds may be prepared by reacting an alkyne with the corresponding 4-iodophenyl substituted compound or by debromination of the corresponding 4-dibromomethylphenyl substituted compound.

The present invention provides compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein m and n are independently selected from 0, 1 or 2, ##STR2## R is selected from hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R.sup.1 is selected from C.sub.1-4 hydrocarbyl substituted by one to five halo atoms, and a group --C.tbd.C--R.sup.9 wherein R.sup.9 is a group S(O).sub.w --R.sup.10 wherein R.sup.10 is trifluoromethyl, methyl or ethyl and w is 0, 1 or 2 or R.sup.9 is a C.sub.3-5 aliphatic group or an aliphatic group containing up to 5 carbon atoms atoms substituted by C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, C.sub.2-6 alkoxyalkoxy, C.sub.1-8 acyloxy, halo or hydroxy, a group COR.sup.11 wherein R.sup.11 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy or a group NR.sup.12 R.sup.13 wherein R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl or ethyl, or R.sup.9 is SiR.sup.14 R.sup.15 R.sup.16 wherein R.sup.14 to R.sup.16 are the same or different and each is a C.sub.1-4 aliphatic group or R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 are C.sub.1-4 aliphatic groups and R.sup.16 is a phenyl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl or halo; R.sup.4a and R.sup.4b, R.sup.6a and R.sup.6b are independently selected from hydrogen, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.2-3 alkenyl or alkynyl each being optionally substituted by halo, cyano or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy; cyano, halo or a group COR .sup.11a wherein R.sup.11a is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a group NR.sup.12a R.sup.13a wherein R.sup.12a and R.sup.13a are independently selected from hydrogen, methyl or ethyl; R.sup.5a is a non-aromatic hydrocarbyl group containing up to seven carbon atoms, or phenyl each optionally substituted by cyano, halo, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 haloalkyl, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy or a group S(O).sub.q R.sup.17 wherein q is 0, 1 or 2 and R.sup.17 is methyl or ethyl and R.sup.5b is hydrogen, hydroxy or C.sub.1-4 alkyl optionally substituted by alkoxy; and  represents --CH--CH-- or --C.dbd.C-- which are useful pesticides, processes for their preparation, pesticidal formulations containing them and their use in the control or prevention of pest infestation.

Dialkyl-substituted dithianes and pesticidal compositions

Bicyclo-[2,2,1]-heptanes, bicyclo-[2,2,2]-octanes and bicyclo-[2,2,3]-nonanes, having 2 or 3 ring hetero atoms selected from O, S and N, substituted at the 1-position by a 4-alkynylphenyl group and at the 4-position and optionally at the 3 and/or 5-position are valuable pesticides, particularly insecticides and acaracides. The compounds may be prepared by reacting an alkyne with the corresponding 4-iodophenyl substituted compounds or by debromination of the corresponding 4-dibromomethylphenyl substituted compound.

The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.2-10 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl, each optionally substituted by or methyl substituted by cyano, C.sub.3-4 cycloalkyl, halo, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy or a group S(O)m R.sup.4 where R.sup.4 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl and m is 0, 1 or 2, or Ris C.sub.3-10 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4-10 cycloalkenyl or phenyl, each optionally substituted by C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkynyl, halo, cyano or a group S(O)m R.sup.4 as defined hereinbefore; R.sup.1 is halo, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.2-3 alkenyl or alkynyl each optionally substituted by halo, cyano, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, alkyl carbalkoxy containing up to 6 carbon atoms, a group S(O)m R.sup.4 as defined hereinbefore or alkynyl substituted by tri-C.sub.1-4 alkylsilyl, or R.sup.1 is cyano, spiro-cyclopropyl, gem dimethyl, gem dicyano, gem diethynyl, oxo or methylene optionally substituted by cyano of C.sub.1-3 alkyl optionally substituted by fluorine, or R.sup.1 and R and the carbon atoms to which they are attached form a C.sub.5-7 carbocyclic ring optionally substituted by halo, C.sub.1-3 alkyl or alkoxy or C.sub.2-3 alkenyl, R.sup.2 is phenyl substituted by an C.sub.2-3 alkynyl group or by a tri-C.sub.1-4 alkylsilylalkynyl group and R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.2-3 alkenyl or alkynyl each optionally substituted by cyano, C.sub.1-4 alkylthio, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy or halo, or R.sup.3 is cyano or halo, its use in medicine, pharmaceutical compositions containing it and its preparation.

A pesticidal composition comprising a compound having the formula R--C(CH.sub.2 O).sub.3 C--X wherein R and X are each organic substituents and wherein the compound has an LD.sub.50, in micrograms of compound per gram of body weight of a selected pest, of less than about 400 and/or an LD.sub.50 in the presence of synergist of less than about 20 is disclosed along with its use in killing pests. Pesticidal activity has been found against a broad range of types of insects. The pesticidal activity of the composition is strongly enhanced by the use of a selected synergist.

New class of pesticides comprising

A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 normal- or branched- alkyl or cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 normal- or branched- alkyl or cycloalkyl having one or more halogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 partially or completely halogenated alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy or partially or completely halogenated alkoxy substituents, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 cycloalkyl having C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl substituents, phenyl, or phenyl having one or more halogen, cyano, nitro, ethynl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl or partially or completely halogenated alkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy or partially or completely halogenated alkoxy substituents; wherein at least one of R.sub.2 -R.sub.6 is ethynyl; and wherein the remainder of R.sub.2 -R.sub.6 are independently either hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, partially or completely halogenated C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, partially or completely halogenated C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, ethynyl, nitro, cyano, or azido. Such a compound is useful in killing pests, particularly insects.

1,4-bis-substituted-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo(2.2.2)-octanes having ethynyl

A number of pyrethroid insecticides are photolabile, thus limiting their use outdoors. The non-photolabile pyrethroids often have the disadvantage of lasting too long when used outdoors. Herein, certain toxicologically acceptable compounds are designated which stabilize the normally photolabile pyrethroids and allow them to be used for an extended time period out of doors. The stabilizers have an electron deficient .pi. system and serve to decrease the rate of the photochemical decomposition of the pyrethroid at a given light level.

Growing community of inventors

Berkeley, CA, United States of America

John E Casida