Union Carbide Corporation

John Bernard Lightstone

Richard B Mazzarella

Jaak S Van Den Sype

Clifford M Detz

William Alphonse Kilinskas

An oriented graphite layer is formed on a metallic substrate by providing a coating of particulate carbon thereon, heating the coated substrate in a non-reactive atmosphere to a temperature of between 800.degree. and 1350.degree. C. for saturational diffusion of carbon into the substrate and cooling to a temperature below about 200.degree. C., thereby providing a precipitated oriented graphite film at the surface of the substrate. The substrate may be formed by covering a copper or copper alloy member with a continuous layer of nickel, cobalt, nickel alloy or cobalt alloy. In another embodiment, the substrate with an attached graphite coating is spirally bonded onto a copper tube for use in the field of condensation heat transfer.

Oriented graphite layer and formation

A method for improving the strength and toughness of an austenitic metal alloy selected from the group consisting of stainless steel alloys of the AISI 200 and 300 series and non-stainless steel alloys containing iron, manganese, chromium, and carbon, said alloy having an Md temperature of no higher than about 100.degree. C and an Ms temperature of no higher than about minus 100.degree. C comprising the following steps:

Method for providing strong tough metal alloys

A process for shearing metal which substantially eliminates the effects of plastic deformation in the sheared metal edge. The process comprises (1) cooling the work metal to a cryogenic temperature, and (2) shearing the cooled metal to form a sheared workpiece having edges relatively free of plastic deformation and dimensional distortion. The shearing operations contemplated by the invention include punching, blanking, piercing and slitting.

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White Plains, NY, United States of America

John Bernard Lightstone