Exxon Research and Engineering Company

Exxon Chemical Patents, Inc.

John B Gardiner

Lawrence J Engel

Robert L Elliott

David Y Chung

Mark J Struglinski

Paul Brice

Steven James Searis

Robert D Lundberg

Sudhin Datta

Abhimanyu Onkar Patil

Stanley J Brois

Warren A Thaler

Donald N Schulz

Jack Ryer

Ricardo A Bloch

Darrell W Brownawell

Nicholas Charles Nahas

Won R Song

Irving Kuntz

James Zielinski

Salvatore J Girgenti

Keith U Ingold

Theodore V Kowalchyn

Anthony A Loffredo

Joseph Wegensommer

Max W Hill

Martyn N Dick

The present invention relates to novel multifunctional viscosity modifiers comprising a mixture of derivatized ethylene-alpha olefin copolymers, A and B. Said A copolymer comprising from about 30 to about 60 weight percent monomer units derived from ethylene and said B copolymer comprising from about 60 to about 80 weight percent units derived from ethylene.

Mixed ethylene alpha olefin copolymer multifunctional viscosity

A terpolymer having the formula: ##STR1## wherein n=0 to 12; x is about 15 to about 75 mole percent; y is about 25 to about 85 mole percent; z is about 0.1 to about 10 mole percent; R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 equal to H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, alkyl amino, alkylpolyamino, alkyl amino ether, alkyl amino alcohol groups and R.sub.2 is an alkyl group having about 1 to about 8 carbon atoms.

Polymeric amides for multifunctional VI improvers

The novel compositions of the present invention comprise (A) lubricating oil and (B) at least one amino-substituted polymer (e.g., an ethylene alpha-olefin interpolymer substituted by primary amino or secondary amino groups). Preferred amino-substituted interpolymers comprise amino-substituted ethylene propylene norbornene terpolymers. The polymers of this invention are oil soluble and are useful as viscosity index improver dispersants in oleaginous compositions.

Novel dispersant viscosity index improver compositions

The molecular weight and the thickening efficiency of primarily oil soluble hydrocarbon polymers, such as hydrogenated random copolymers and block copolymers of styrene-isoprene or styrene-butadiene, polyisobutylene, poly-n-butene, low unsaturation butyl rubbers, low unsaturation EPDM rubbers, preferably ethylene-propylene copolymers, of the type which are to be used as viscosity index improver additives or as precursors for dispersants and multi-functional viscosity improver additives for lubricating oils, are reduced by heating and masticating the polymers in the presence of oxygen or air and in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably in the further presence of a peroxide accelerator.

Catalytic process for oxidative, shear accelerated polymer degradation

Hydrocarbon polymers such as ethylene copolymers may be reacted with unsaturated nitrogen-containing monomers or unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of a free radical catalyst such as a peroxide or azo free radical initiator and a chain stopping agent, e.g. a mercaptan to inhibit excessive cross-linking and branching. The copolymer grafted directly with the nitrogen-containing monomers may be utilized as an additive for oil and fuel compositions, particularly lubricating oil compositions as a V.I.-dispersant additive. The polymer reacted with carboxylic acid may be further reacted with amines, polyols, amino-alcohols, etc. to also form a V.I.-dispersant additive.

Viscosity index improver--dispersant additive useful in oil compositions

Oil-soluble, derivatized ethylene copolymers derived from about 2 to 98 wt. % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha-olefins, e.g. propylene, which are grafted, preferably solution-grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures and in the presence of a high-temperature decomposable free-radical initiator, with an ethylenically-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid material and thereafter firstly reacted with from 0.1 to 0.9 molar equivalents of a t-amino-amine compound containing only one primary amino group to form imido groups and then secondly reacted with from 0.1 to 0.9 molar equivalents of a .alpha.,.omega. primary diamine having at least two primary amine groups, e.g. a poly(alkylene amine) such as diethylene triamine, to form carboxyl-grafted polymeric imide, usually succinimide, intermediate and thirdly reacted with an anhydride of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 hydrocarbon substituted acid, preferably acetic anhydride, to yield an oil-soluble stable amide derivative of said polyamine whereby oil solutions of said amide derivative are characterized by minimal viscosity change over an extended period of time. Useful number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of said copolymers range from about 700 to 500,000; however, if the molecular weight is from 10,000 to 500,000 then these copolymers are multifunctional viscosity index improvers of enhanced sludge dispersant activity. It is preferred to treat these derivatized copolymers with oil-soluble hydrocarbyl substituted acids, preferably with long chain alkylaryl sulfonic acids with an average side chain carbon number of about 20-40, to yield haze-free hydrocarbon concentrate useful as an additive solution for lubricating oils.

Stabilized amide-imide graft of ethylene copolymeric additives for

Oil-soluble, derivatized ethylene copolymers derived from about 2 to 98 wt. % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha-olefins, e.g. propylene, which are grafted, preferably solution-grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures and in the presence of a high-temperature decomposable free-radical initiator, with an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid material and thereafter reacted with a polyfunctional material reactive with carboxy groups; such as (a) a polyamine, or (b) a polyol, or (c) a hydroxy amine, or mixtures thereof to form carboxyl-grafted polymeric derivatives are reacted with oil-soluble hydrocarbyl substituted acids, preferably with long chain alkyl aryl sulfonic acids with an average side chain carbon number of about 20-40, to yield haze-free hydrocarbon solutions, e.g. a lubricant additives composition, of increased dispersant potency. Useful number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of said copolymers range from about 700 to 500,000, however, if the molecular weight is from 10,000 to 500,000 then these copolymers are also useful as multifunctional viscosity index improvers.

Polymeric additives for fuels and lubricants

Multipurpose lubricating oil additives having utility as viscosity index improvers, antiwear agents, sludge dispersants and pour point depressants comprise reaction products of (1) nitrogen compounds having one or more amino groups and/or (2) oxygen compounds having one or more hydroxyl, epoxide or ether groups and/or (3) sulfur compounds and/or (4) hydrogen with alternating interpolymers of monomers comprising (A) one or more polar monomers; (B) one or more olefinic monomers; and (C) a monomer similar to (A) or (B) but containing in addition a reactive group that reacts with (1), (2), (3) or (4).

Multifunctional alternating interpolymer lubricating oil additive

Oil-soluble, derivatized ethylene copolymers derived from about 2 to 98 wt. % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha-olefins, e.g. propylene, which are grafted, preferably solution-grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures and in the presence of a high-temperature decomposable free-radical initiator, with an ethylenically-unsaturated dicarboxylic acid material and thereafter reacted with a polyamine having at least two primary amine groups, e.g. an alkylene polyamine such as diethylene triamine, to form carboxyl-grafted polymeric imide, usually maleimide, derivatives are reacted with an anhydride of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.30 hydrocarbyl substituted acid, preferably acetic anhydride, to yield an oil-soluble stable amide of said polyamine whereby oil solutions of said amide derivative are characterized by minimal viscosity change over an extended period of time. Useful number average molecular weight (M.sub.n) of said copolymers range from about 700 to 500,000; however, if the molecular weight is from 10,000 to 500,000 then these copolymers are also useful as multifunctional viscosity index improvers.

Stabilized imide graft of ethylene copolymeric additives for lubricants

Copolymers, having a degree of crystallinity of 3 up to 25 weight percent, comprising about 68 to 80 mole % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 alpha-olefins are mechanically degraded at elevated temperatures, in the presence of air or oxygen-containing gas, to form an oxygenated-degraded polymer, which is reacted with an amine compound. Preferably, the polymer is only partially reacted with the amine. The resulting aminated polymers are useful as sludge dispersants for fuels and lubricants. When the aminated polymers have a high molecular weight, they are also useful as viscosity-index improvers.

Aminated polymeric additives for fuels and lubricants

Ethylene copolymers derived from about 2 to 98 wt. % ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha olefins, e.g. ethylene-propylene, are solution-grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures with an ethylenically-unsaturated carboxylic acid material in the presence of a high-temperature decomposable free-radical initiator and thereafter reacted with a polyfunctional material reactive with carboxy groups; such as (a) a polyamine, or (b) a polyol, or (c) a hydroxyamine, or mixtures thereof, to form carboxyl-grafted polymeric derivatives, which have good engine sludge and varnish control behavior in fuels and lubricating oils. If the molecular weight is above 10,000, then these polymers are also useful as multifunctional viscosity index improvers.

Oil compositions comprising a lubricating oil and an oil-soluble hydrocarbon polymeric viscosity index improver such as ethylene-propylene copolymers are substantially haze-free when said composition contains an anti-hazing amount of an oil-soluble strong acid containing a hydrogen dissociating moiety which has a pK of less than about 2.5, e.g. a C.sub.25 to C.sub.70 hydrocarbyl substituted sulfonic acid. The invention also relates to the process for preparing said compositions.

Haze free oil additive compositions containing polymeric viscosity index

Aminated polymers, resulting from the reaction of a hydrocarbon polymer with an oxygen-containing gas and an amine compound at elevated temperatures of from about 130.degree. C. to about 300.degree. C. provide a multi-functional additive for lubricants and hydrocarbon fuels. This reaction can be carried out if desired in an oil solution. The resulting aminated polymers are useful as sludge dispersants for fuel lubricants. When the aminated polymers have a high molecular weight, they are also useful as viscosity-index improvers with dispersant and/or pour point depressant activity.

Aminated polymeric additives for fuel and lubricants

Hydrocarbon polymers, preferably polymers having a degree of crystallinity of less than about 25 weight percent and comprising about 2 to 98 weight percent ethylene, and one or more C.sub.3 to C.sub.28 alpha-olefins, are mechanically grafted under an inert atmosphere and at elevated temperatures, in the presence of an amine compound, to form an amino-grafted polymer. The resulting aminated polymers are useful as sludge dispersants for fuels and lubricants. When the aminated polymers have a higher molecular weight, they are also useful as viscosity-index improvers with dispersant and/or pour point depressant activity.

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Mountainside, NJ, United States of America

John B Gardiner