Delphi Technologies, Inc.

John Alan MacBain

Malcolm James Grieve

Sean Michael Kelly

Kaushik Rajashekara

Gregory W Alexander

Joseph V Bonadies

Jean Joseph Botti

Harry L Husted

Gail E Geiger

Daniel D Richey

Christopher M Mergler

Steven R Shaffer

Brett W Buck

During periods of vehicle inactivity, a vehicle-based APU electric generating system may be coupled into a regional electric grid to send electricity into the grid. A currently-preferred APU is a solid oxide fuel cell system. When a large number of vehicles are thus equipped and connected, substantial electric buffering can be effected to the grid load. A vehicle-based APU can also function as a back-up generator to a docking facility in the event of power failure of the grid. Gaseous hydrocarbon is readily supplied by pipe in many locations as a commercial and residential heating fuel source, and a hydrocarbon reformer on the vehicle can be attached to the fuel source, enabling an APU to operate as a stationary power source indefinitely. An optional storage tank on the vehicle may be refueled with gaseous fuel, for example, while the battery is being electrically recharged by the grid.

Electric vehicle having multiple-use APU system

An SOFC fuel cell stack system in accordance with the invention including a recycle flow leg for recycling a portion of the anode tail gas into the inlet of an associated hydrocarbon reformer supplying reformate to the stack. The recycle leg includes a controllable pump for varying the flow rate of tail gas. Preferably, a heat exchanger is provided in the leg ahead of the pump for cooling the tail gas via heat exchange with incoming cathode air. A low-wattage electrical reheater is also preferably included between the heat exchanger and the pump to maintain the temperature of tail gas entering the pump, during conditions of low tail gas flow, at a drybulb temperature above the dewpoint of the tail gas.

Anode tail gas recycle cooler and re-heater for a solid oxide fuel cell stack assembly

Apparatus and method for operating a fuel cell system including a hydrocarbon catalytic reformer and close-coupled fuel cell stack by recycling anode syngas into the reformer in a range between 60% and 95% of the total syngas. At equilibrium conditions, oxygen required for reforming of hydrocarbon fuel is derived from endothermically reformed water and carbon dioxide in the syngas. Reforming temperature is between about 650&#xb0; C. to 750&#xb0; C. The stack exit temperature is about 800&#xb0; C. to 880&#xb0; C. such that the required endotherm can be provided by the sensible heat of the recycled syngas. The stack has approximately equal anode and cathode gas flows in opposite directions, resulting in cooling from both the anodes and cathodes.

Apparatus and method for high efficiency operation of a high temperature fuel cell system

A solid-oxide fuel cell stack assembly comprising a plurality of sub-stacks, preferably two sub-stacks each containing one-half the total number of fuel cells. Cathode air and fuel gas are passed through the first sub-stack, wherein they are partially reacted and also heated. The exhaust cathode air and the exhaust fuel gas from the first sub-stack are directed to the respective inlets of the second sub-stack, becoming the supply cathode air and fuel gas therefor. A first heat exchanger in the flow paths between the sub-stacks and a second heat exchanger ahead of the sub-stacks can help to balance the performance of the two stacks. The result of dividing the number of cells into a plurality of sub-stacks, wherein the exhaust of one sub-stack becomes the supply for the next sub-stack, is that fuel efficiency and utilization are improved, thermal stresses are reduced, and electrical power generation is increased.

Method and apparatus for thermal, mechanical, and electrical optimization of a solid-oxide fuel cell stack

A system for co-generation of electricity combining a hydrocarbon catalytic reformer, an SOFC assembly and a generator driven by a gas turbine. The fuel cell assembly recycles a high percentage of anode exhaust gas into the reformer. Oxygen for reforming is derived from water in an endothermic process. The stack exit temperature is normally above 800&#xb0; C. DC power from the fuel cell assembly and AC power from the gas turbine generator are directed to a power conditioner. Anode exhaust gas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen is divided into a plurality of portions by which heat may be added to the reforming, gas turbine, and cathode air heating processes. Water may be recovered from the exhaust. A power system in accordance with the invention is capable of operating at a higher total efficiency than either the fuel cell component or the gas turbine component alone.

Hybrid power generating system combining a fuel cell and a gas turbine

An improved method and apparatus for providing reformate into an engine exhaust stream including aftertreatment devices such as a particulate trap and an NOx filter regenerable by hydrogen-rich reformate injected into the engine exhaust ahead of the aftertreatment devices. A pump pressurizes a hydrocarbon catalytic reformer, and a three-way valve for dividing the reformate injected into the engine exhaust. The reformer draws oxygen from the engine exhaust rather than ambient air as in the prior art. Thus, the only pressure drop that the pump/reformer system must overcome is within the reformate supply system between the reformer take-off point and the reformate entry points. In a configuration wherein the exhaust is taken off ahead of the inline particulate trap, a separate particulate filter is preferably incorporated into the reformer supply line.

Method and apparatus for regeneration of engine exhaust aftertreatment devices

In a diesel engine equipped with a catalytic HC reformer for injecting reformate into the engine exhaust stream to reductively regenerate one or more emissions control devices including but not limited to a lean nitrogen trap, a combustor is disposed in the exhaust stream downstream of the LNT, and preferably downstream of all regenerable emissions control devices, to burn any residual HC, H, or CO in the tailpipe exhaust gases. Thus only breakthrough amounts of these species are combusted. Preferably, the combustor is operated on an appropriate schedule governed by the operating schedule of the reformer. To assure combustion when the oxygen concentration of the exhaust falls below the reformate combustion limit of approximately 6%, make-up air is ported to the combustor either by diverting a portion of the reformer system air or by diverting excess turbocharger boost air from the engine air intake system.

System for combustion of reformate in an engine exhaust stream

Method and control system for controlling propulsion equipment in a hybrid vehicle including a traction motor and a propulsion unit, such as an internal combustion engine or a fuel cell, are provided. In one implementation, the control system includes a sensor coupled to sense a signal indicative of vehicle torque demand. The control system further includes memory for storing a threshold torque range indicative of conditions of relatively low vehicle torque demand. A processor is configured to process the signal indicative of vehicle torque demand to determine whether the vehicle torque demand is within the threshold torque range. During conditions when the signal indicative of vehicle torque demand is within the threshold torque range, an actuator is configured to generate a signal configured to activate the electric traction motor to drivingly propel the vehicle while de-engaging the internal combustion engine from propelling the vehicle. During conditions when the signal indicative of vehicle torque demand is outside the threshold torque range, the actuator is configured to generate a signal configured to deactivate the electric traction motor from drivingly propelling the vehicle while re-engaging the internal combustion engine to propel the vehicle.

Growing community of inventors

Carmel, IN, United States of America

John Alan MacBain