Gulf Research & Development Company

John A Paraskos

James A Frayer

Richard E Hildebrand

Joel D McKinney

Stephen J Yanik

Henri K Lese

Robert D Christman

Kirk J Metzger

Herman Taylor, Jr

Jordan S Lasher

Edward W Smith

William S Bonnell

Angelo A Montagna

Huey P Malone

Kirk J Metzer

A process for the selective recovery of tar sand bitumen from tar sands using a two-solvent system comprising a halogenated aliphatic solvent in combination with a second solvent selected from an oxygenated compound. The process provides for an inexpensive method for selectively removing substantially metal-free tar sand bitumen from tar sands. The bitumen so recovered renders the same amenable to catalytic desulfurization and upgrading processes.

Process for selective recovery of relatively metals-free bitumen from

A catalytic process for liquefying coal wherein the life of the catalyst is extended by periodic screening to remove ash-containing particulate matter.

Process for extending life of coal liquefaction catalyst

A process for separating tar and solid particles from coal liquefaction products using a highly selective halogenated aliphatic solvent which removes essentially all of the tar and solid particles from the coal liquefaction products wherein a minimum amount of energy is used. This is accomplished by contacting said coal liquefaction products with the halogenated aliphatic solvent to form two phases, one containing said tar and solid particles and the other containing said solvent and the remainder of said coal liquefaction products.

Process for separating tar and solids from coal liquefaction products

A catalyst having utility as a downstream catalyst in processes for hydrodesulfurization of asphaltene-containing petroleum oils, coal liquids, shale oils or oils from tar sands which employ both upstream and downstream catalysts in series. The downstream catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of a Group IV-B metal. The particles of said promoted catalyst are elongated extrudates whose surface is provided with a plurality of alternating longitudinal grooves and protrusions. In processes using this catalyst, the upstream catalyst comprises Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal and the particles of the upstream catalyst may or may not have similar surface grooves. The adaptation of the grooved particle configuration to the promoted catalyst composition provided the early development of a plateau-like aging curve which was not achieved by the adaptation of the grooved shape to a non-promoted catalyst.

Hydrodesulfurization catalyst

A process for increasing the fuel yield of coal liquefaction products by extracting the asphaltenes, resins and aromatic compounds from said coal liquefaction products. This is accomplished by contacting said coal liquefaction products with a halogenated aliphatic solvent to form two phases, one containing tar and the other containing said solvent and the remainder of said coal liquefaction products, separating said phases from each other and treating said tar phase with a second solvent to recover asphaltenes, resins and/or aromatics in said tar phase. The resulting asphaltenes, resins and/or aromatics are suitable for upgrading to produce additional synthetic fuel.

Process for increasing the fuel yield of coal liquefaction products by

A process for liquefying coal employing a low temperature preheater zone, a higher temperature non-catalytic hydrocracking zone and a catalytic hydrogenation zone in series. Carbon monoxide passes through the preheater and non-catalytic hydrocracking zones but is removed from the process in advance of the catalytic hydrogenation zone.

Coal liquefaction process employing carbon monoxide

An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing a guard reactor and a main reactor in series, with the diameter of the guard reactor being smaller than the diameter of the main reactor. The catalyst in the guard reactor comprises particles of supported Group VI and Group VIII metals in the form of elongated extrudates whose surface is provided with a plurality of alternating longitudinal grooves and protrusions. An advantageous mass velocity-related activity effect is demonstrated when catalyst particles having this shape are disposed in a guard reactor having a smaller diameter than the diameter of the main reactor with which it is associated.

Hydrodesulfurization process employing a guard reactor

An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing an upstream catalyst and a downstream catalyst in series. The downstream catalyst comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal in the form of particles whose surface is shaped by multiple elongated alternating grooves and protrusions. The upstream catalyst comprises Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal in the form of particles which may or may not be similarly shaped. Beds of the downstream and upstream catalyst may be diposed in the same or in different reactors. The adaptation of the grooved particle configuration to the promoted catalyst composition provided the early development of a plateau-like aging curve which was not achieved by the adaptation of the grooved shape to a non-promoted catalyst.

Hydrodesulfurization process employing a promoted catalyst

A catalytic asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing a fixed catalyst bed comprising particles of supported Group VI and Group VIII metals, preferably together with a separate and downstream fixed catalyst bed comprising particles of Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The catalyst particles in both beds are in the form of elongated extrudates whose surface is provided with a plurality of alternating longitudinal grooves and protrusions. An advantageous mass velocity-related catalyst activity effect is achieved by recycling a portion of the desulfurized liquid product.

Hydrodesulfurization process including product recycle

An asphaltene-containing oil hydrodesulfurization process employing upstream and downstream reactors in series with an interstage flashing step. The catalyst in the downstream reactor comprises supported Group VI and Group VIII metals together with a promoting amount of Group IV-B metal. The particles of the catalyst in the downstream reactor are in the form of extrudates whose surface is provided with a plurality of alternating longitudinal grooves and protrusions. The catalyst in the upstream reactor comprises Group VI and Group VIII metals without promotion with Group IV-B metal and is in the form of particles whose surface may or may not have a similar grooved form. An advantageous mass velocity-related activity effect has been found when the downstream reactor has a diameter which is smaller than the diameter of the upstream reactor. The reduced diameter provides a concomitant advantage related to hydrogen pressure since it is shown that the reduced diameter permits the downstream reactor to withstand enhanced pressures and it is also shown that the promoted catalyst is particularly susceptible to regeneration via increases in hydrogen pressure.

Multi-reactor hydrodesulfurization process

A process for liquefying coal employing a low temperature preheater zone, a higher temperature non-catalytic hydrocracking zone and a catalytic hydrogenation zone. The process is improved by venting gases from the high temperature hydrocracking zone.

Process for liquefying coal employing a vented dissolver

A process for liquefying coal employing in series a low temperature preheated zone, a higher temperature non-catalytic hydrocracking zone and a catalytic hydrogenation zone.

Catalytic process for liquefying coal

A process for converting solid carbonaceous material to a liquid product which involves heating a slurry composed of the solid carbonaceous material and a solvent, together with hydrogen, at elevated temperatures and elevated pressures in the presence of a substantially phosphate-free catalyst comprising a hydrogenating component selected from the group consisting of Group VI and Group VIII metals, their oxides and sulfides, supported on a non-zeolitic carrier, which catalyst is promoted with a minor amount of a Group IV-B metal.

Process for the conversion of carbonaceous materials

A process for hydrodesulfurizing a residual oil by passing the oil downwardly through a catalytic reaction zone at a hydrogen pressure which is sufficiently high that demetallization occurs rapidly so that at end-of-run the upstream catalyst region is more nearly metals-saturated than the downstream catalyst region. At the end of the catalyst cycle, the more nearly metals-saturated upstream portion of the catalyst is removed from the process while the less nearly metals-saturated downstream portion of the catalyst is passed to a guard chamber where during further operation of the process it approaches metals-saturation. In this manner, no portion of catalyst is removed from the process until it has an elevated metals content.

Hydrodesulfurization process employing a guard chamber

A process and apparatus for the hydrodesulfurization of residual oil in a plurality of catalyst zones in series with the upstream reactor being removed periodically for a catalyst change. When an upstream zone is taken off-stream for a catalyst change, the fresh feed oil is passed to a succeeding downstream zone so that the downstream catalyst zone is upstaged to the status of an upstream catalyst zone. When a zone is returned to service after a catalyst change, it enters the process as a downstream reactor in the series.

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Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

John A Paraskos