The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government

The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Merck Patent Gesellschaft MIT Beschrankter Haftung

The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Majesty's Government of the

Bch Chemicals Limited

John A Jenner

Ian Charles Sage

David Coates

Damien Gerard McDonnell

Kenneth J Toyne

Edward P Raynes

Michael Hird

Madeline J Bradshaw

Sally Elizabeth Day

David I Bishop

Christopher D Lindsay

Robert P Chilcott

Colin N Smith

Eike Poetsch

George W Gray

David Lacey

Hans A Kurmeier

Robert A Smith

Stephen J Lewis

Martin G Pellatt

Pauluth Detlef

Ahsan Saleem

Dennis W Swanston

Claus Escher

Skin protection agents such as topical compositions which can prevent the passage of toxic chemicals through the skin, such as barrier creams. Formulations may contain hexamethylene tetramine or derivatives or analogues thereof, which react with alkylating agents such as sulfur mustard, and which are suitable for formulation into topical compositions. The formulations additionally may contain perfluorinated polymeric compounds which are effective barrier compounds for a range of toxic chemicals.

Barrier cream comprising hexamethylenetetramine or derivative thereof

The present invention relates to protection agents, in particular to topical compositions such as barrier creams which can prevent the passage of toxic chemicals and chemical warfare agents through the skin. Formulations contain hexamethylene tetramine derivatives or analogues thereof and perfluorinated polymeric compounds.

Transdermal formulations

##STR1## Compounds of formula (I) where R is C.sub.1-15 alkyl, X is hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine, m and n are independently selected 1 or 0, W is C.sub.1-15 alkyl or alkoxy, CN or halogen, rings A and B are independently selected from phenyl, laterally fluoro- or chloro- substituted phenyl, transcyclohexyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl or dioxanyl. Preferred embodiments have R=C.sub.3-8 and where W is alkyl or alkoxy then it is also preferable that W=C.sub.3-8. Where m=0, then preferably W=CN, and where m=1, then preferably W=alkyl.

Liquid crystal thiol compounds

Compounds of formula (I) where R is C.sub.1-15 alkyl, X is hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine, m and n are independently selected 1 or 0, W is C.sub.1-15 alkyl or alkoxy, CN or halogen, rings A and B Are independently selected from phenyl, laterally fluoro- or chloro- substituted phenyl, transcyclohexyl pyridyl, pyrimidyl or dioxanyl. Preferred embodiments have R=C.sub.3-8 and where W is alkyl or alkoxy then it is also preferable that W=C.sub.3-8. Where m=0, then preferably W=CN and where m=1, then preferably W=alkyl.

Thermochromic mixtures

Optically active naphthalene compounds having the formula: ##STR1## in which X and Y are selected from combinations (a), (b) and (c): (a) X is C.sub.1-10 alkyl or alkoxy and Y is C.sub.4-16 optically active alkyl, (b) X is C.sub.1-10 alkyl or alkoxy and Y is ##STR2## where R.sup.2 is C.sub.4-16 optically active alkyl, (c) X is ##STR3## where R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-10 alkyl or alkoxy and Y is C.sub.4-16 optically active alkyl. Ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal materials being compositions containing these compounds are also described.

Optically active naphthalene compounds and liquid crystal materials and

Biphenyl egters of formula (I), ##STR1## wherein formula (II) represents formula (III) or formula (IV), R.sub.1 represents C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy, j is O or 1 R.sub.2 represents C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 alkyl or alkoxy, one of Q.sub.1 or Q.sub.2 is fluorine and the other is hydrogen, provided that when j is O and formula (II) is formula (III) and both R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are n-alkyl, then the total number of carbon atoms in R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is more than 12. These compounds may be used as constituents of liquid crystal mixtures which show a room temperature ferroelectric smectic phase, and a number of such mixtures are described.

Biphenyl esters and liquid crystal materials and devices containing them

Alkylbyphenyloxyacetic acid esters and their use in smectic liquid

Disubstituted ethanes having a formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl, X is selected from hydrogen, ##STR2## wherein each R.sub.1 is selected from H, alkyl, alkoxy, halo and cyano and each of Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.4 is independently selected from H and F are useful as components of liquid crystal materials for electro-optical displays and compounds useful in the production of such components.

Disubstituted ethanes and their use in liquid crystal materials and

An intermediate useful in the production of liquid crystal esters has a molecular structure ##STR1## in which of the groups R' and R' one is fluorine and the other is hydrogen, and in which R is an alkyl group having more than one carbon atom, an aryl substituted alkyl group or a cyclohexyl substituted alkyl group. These compounds may be prepared from the corresponding alkoxy compounds ##STR2## where R'' is a protective alkyl group such as methyl. These compounds may be used in the production of liquid crystal esters by a conventional esterification with carboxylic acids, or acid derivative, eg chloride, eg containing the radical ##STR3## where X is an alkyl group and ##STR4## is a benzene or cyclohexane ring.

Intermediates useful in the production of liquid crystal compounds

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Dorset, United Kingdom

John A Jenner