Westvaco Corporation

John A Alford

Eugene R Fischer

Paul G Boyd

Carlton G Force

John W Gowan, Jr

Julian E Parker, Iii

Michael W Osborne

The present invention relates to carbon and methods for preparing same. In particular, this invention relates to the preparation of novel carbons derived from lignocellulosic materials (particularly wood-based lignocellulosic materials) which are useful for producing high energy density double layer energy storage devices.

High energy density carbons for use in double layer energy storage

The present invention relates to carbon and methods for preparing same. In particular, this invention relates to the preparation of novel carbons derived from lignocellulosic materials (particularly wood-based lignocellulosic materials) which are useful for producing high power density double layer energy storage devices.

High power density carbons for use in double layer energy storage devices

The present invention relates to lignocellulosic-based carbon-containing double layer energy storage devices having improved electrical power densities. In particular, the invention provides a double layer energy storage cell comprising a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is a carbon paste electrode, a porous ionically conductive separator, and an ion insulating connector, the improvement wherein said carbon paste electrode includes an activated linocellulosic-based carbon having a pore volume of greater than about 0.45 cc/g, a median pore width of 2.0 to 50.0 nm, a specific surface area of greater than about 500 m.sup.2 /g, and a mesopore content, based on the total particle volume of the activated carbon, of greater than about 75%.

High power density double layer energy storage devices

The present invention relates to lignocellulosic-based carbon-containing double layer energy storage devices having improved electrical energy densities. In particular, the invention provides a double layer energy storage cell comprising a pair of electrodes, at least one of which is a carbon paste electrode, a porous ionically conductive separator, and an ion insulating collector, the improvement wherein said carbon paste electrode includes an activated lignocellulosic-based carbon having a pore volume of greater than about 0.45 cc/g, a median pore width of less than 2.0 nm, a specific surface area of greater than about 500 m.sup.2 /g, and a micropore content, based on the total particle volume of the activated carbon, of greater than about 75%.

High energy density double layer energy storage devices

The invention relates to polymerizable emulsifiers, methods of preparing the emulsifiers, and latex compositions comprising the emulsifiers. In particular, the invention relates to maleic anhydride propylene sulfonate adducts of rosin and/or fatty acid which can be substituted for the surfactants or emulsifiers traditionally employed in the preparation of butadiene derived latexes.

Emulsion polymerization method utilizing maleic anhydride propylene

A corrosion inhibitor with excellent film forming and film persistency characteristics may be produced by first reacting C.sub.18 unsaturated fatty acids with maleic anhydride or fumaric acid to produce the fatty acid Diels-Alder adduct or the fatty acid-ene reaction product. This adduct or reaction product is further reacted in a condensation or hydrolysation reaction with a polyalcohol to form an acid-anhydride ester corrosion inhibitor. The ester may be reacted with amines, metal hydroxides, metal oxides, ammonia, and combinations thereof to neutralize the ester. Surfactants may be added to tailor the inhibitor formulation to meet the specific needs of the user (i.e., the corrosion inhibitor may be formulated to produce an oil-soluble, highly water-dispersible corrosion inhibitor or an oil-dispersible, water-soluble corrosion inhibitor). Suitable carrier solvents may be employed where needed to effectively disperse the corrosion inhibitor formulation.

Acid-anhydride esters as oil field corrosion inhibitors

A corrosion inhibitor with excellent film forming and film persistency characteristics may be produced by first reacting in a condensation reaction a polybasic acid with a polyalcohol to form a partial ester. The partial ester is reacted with imidazoline and/or fatty diamines to salt the ester. If warranted, the salted partial ester may be reacted with a metal hydroxide, a metal oxide, and/or ammonia to further salt the ester. Surfactants may be added to tailor the inhibitor formulation to meet the specific needs of the user (i.e., the corrosion inhibitor may be formulated to produce an oil-soluble, highly water-dispersible corrosion inhibitor or an oil-dispersible, water-soluble corrosion inhibitor). Suitable carrier solvents may be employed where needed to effectively disperse the corrosion inhibitor formulation.

Polybasic acid esters as oil field corrosion inhibitors

Disclosed as an emulsion polymerization emulsifier is a half vinyl ester of C.sub.21 -dicarboxylic acid of the general formula ##STR1## wherein x and y are integers from 3 to 9, x and y together equal 12, one Z is COOH and the other Z is hydrogen. The emulsifier may be blended as a mixture with disproportionated fatty acids and/or C.sub.21 -dicarboxylic acid.

Emulsion polymerization emulsifier

An anionic flotation agent comprising naturally derived fatty acids and, as a promoter, a sulfonated ethoxylated alcohol provides improved beneficiation and improved grade of phosphate ores by froth flotation.

Flotation of phosphate ores with anionic agents

The disodium ethoxylated rosin half esters of sulfosuccinic acid prepared from the 1-5 mole rosin ethoxylates are disclosed as foam stabilizers for a variety of latices as well as latex compositions containing same which are processable into a non-gelling, heat-curable solid foam suitable for use as foam carpet backing and the method of preparing the latex compositions.

Disodium ethoxylated rosin half esters of sulfosuccinic acid as foam

A process is disclosed for treating rosin with a zinc catalyst and a boric acid catalyst to improve the color and color stability of distilled products. The zinc catalyst is employed in an amount of from 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight of rosin and the boric acid in an amount from 0.001% to about 1.0% by weight of rosin. The rosin is treated with the zinc and boric acid catalyst at a temperature between 180.degree. C. and 250.degree. C.

Treatment of rosin

A process is disclosed for treating tall oil fatty acids with a zinc catalyst and an iodine catalyst to improve the color and color stability of distilled products. The zinc catalyst is employed in an amount of from 0.01% to about 2.0% by weight of fatty acid and the iodine in an amount from 50 to 500 parts per million of fatty acid. The tall oil fatty acids are treated with the iodine and zinc catalysts at a temperature between 150.degree. C. to 275.degree. C.

Treatment of tall oil fatty acids

There are disclosed herein water-dilutable reactive polyamide resins suitable for curing epoxy resins in aqueous systems. The polyamide resins are made by reacting together a C.sub.21 -cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## wherein x and y are integers from 3 to 9, x and y together equal 12, X is a member of the group consisting of H and COOH with one X of each moiety and a polyamine of the group diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine and tetraethylene pentamine. These polyamide resins are soluble when water is added to the resin in amounts up to at least 45% by weight.

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Goose Creek, SC, United States of America

John A Alford