Basf Aktiengesellschaft

Johannes Schlag

Herbert Naarmann

Klaus Penzien

Dieter Naegele

Peter Bauer

Karl Schlichting

Peter Horn

Gernot Koehler

Petr Simak

Ernst Koehnlein

Ludwig Koessler

Erhard Seiler

Rolf Wurmb

Ingolf Hennig

Rolf Steinberger

Thomas Muehlenbernd

Wolfgang Koernig

Volker Kiener

Gernot Kohler

Franz Feichtmayr

Heinz Vogt

Hans-Friedrich Schmidt

Joachim Kunde

Hans Georg Dorst

Helmut Gebhard

Hugo Boehm

Helmut Munstedt

Sibylle Von Tomkewitsch

Alfred F Hausz

Carboxylic acids of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are each hydrogen, hydroxyl, carboxyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl and x, y and z independently of one another are each 0 or an integer of from 1 to 6, and/or their anhydrides can permanently suppress the formation of water trees in electrical medium and high voltage cables which contain electrically insulating and/or electrically semiconductive layers based on ethylene homopolymers and/or copolymers, even when the relevant layers contain water-soluble basic salts. Accordingly, polymeric mixtures based on ethylene homopolymers and/or copolymers which contain the above-mentioned carboxylic acids I and/or their anhydrides are very useful for the production of electrically insulating and electrically semiconductive layers as used in electrical medium and high voltage cables.

Electrical medium and high voltage cable with a cable sheath having high

Cable insulation having high resistance to the formation or growth of water trees and high aging resistance consists of an ethylene polymer (I) and from 0.5 to 20% by weight of an ethylene polymer (II), which is an ethylene/C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -alkyl-C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkene carboxylate/C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 -alkenecarboxylic acid terpolymer.

Cable insulation based on ethylene polymers having high resistance to

Cable insulation having high resistance to the formation or growth of water trees and high aging resistance consists of an ethylene polymer and from 0.5 to 20 percent by weight of a styrene copolymer, which is a styrene/diene copolymer in which not less than 90% of the olefinic double bonds have been hydrogenated.

Conductive nylon molding materials

Highly electrically conductive copolymers of pyrroles and alkynes and/or aromatics, which possess good mechanical properties coupled with a well-balanced spectrum of properties, are prepared by anodic polymerization of the pyrroles and alkynes and/or aromatics in a polar solvent in the presence of a suitable conductive salt.

Electrically conductive pyrrole copolymers and their preparation

Moldings from the class of the pyrrole polymers which are complexed with anions are used as electrical heating elements.

Pyrrole polymers as electrical heating elements

Electrically conductive pyrrole copolymer article

Polypyrrole films are produced by electrochemical polymerization of a pyrrole, or a mixture of a pyrrole with other comonomers, in an electrolyte solvent in the presence of a conductive salt, by a continuous process wherein the pyrrole polymer is deposited in the form of a film on anodic material which has a sheet-like structure and is passed continuously through the electrolyte solution. As shown in FIG. 1, this procedure can be carried out in an electrolysis vessel (1) which contains the electrolyte solution (2), a cathode (3) which dips into this solution, and, as the anode, a rotating cylindrical roller (4) which is partially or completely immersed in the electrolyte solution (2); the polypyrrole film (6) is deposited on the anodic surface (5) of the cylindrical roller (4), and is subsequently removed therefrom.

Continuous production of polypyrrole films

A process for the preparation of stable electrically conductive polymers, having conductivities greater than 10.sup.-2 S/cm, wherein a polyacetylene is reacted with from 1 to 100, preferably from 10 to 33, % by weight of tosylmethyl isocyanide and from 0.1 to 70, preferably from 5 to 35, % by weight of an alkali metal or its amide, or of a Lewis acid. The polymers obtained can be used in electrical engineering for the production of solar cells, for the conversion and fixing of radiation and for the production of electrical and magnetic switches and electrical storage devices, and can also be used for the antistatic treatment of plastics.

Preparation of electrically conductive polymers

Stable electrically conductive polymers having conductivities greater than 10.sup.-2 S/cm are prepared by heating p-doped polyacetylenes, in the absence of oxygen and moisture, for from 0.1 to 3 hours, preferably from 0.5 to 1.0 hour, at from 500.degree. to 1,100.degree. C., preferably from 550.degree. to 850.degree. C. The electrically conductive polymers obtained can be used in the electrical industry for the production of solar cells, for the utilization and fixing of radiation, for the production of electrical and magnetic switches and stores, and for the antistatic treatment of plastics.

Preparation of stable electrically conductive polymers

A process for the preparation of electrically conductive polymers which have conductivities greater than 10.sup.-2 S/cm and possess improved stability to oxygen, comprising treating an organic unsaturated polymer of the series of the polyphenylenes, heterophenylenes and polyacetylenes, in the absence of moisture and of oxygen, first with an organic nitroso compound and then with a conventional dopant, the latter being, in particular H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, AsF.sub.5, SbF.sub.5, UF.sub.6, SbCl.sub.5, AlCl.sub.3, BF.sub.3, CF.sub.3 SO.sub.3 H, VOCl.sub.3, HClO.sub.4, NO.sup.+ SbF.sub.6.sup.-, NO.sub.2.sup.+ SbF.sub.6.sup.-, NO.sup.+ AsF.sub.6, NO.sup.+ PF.sub.6.sup.-, I.sub.2, Br.sub.2, ICl, PF.sub.5, CrO.sub.2 Cl.sub.2, NO.sub.2.sup.+ PF.sub.6.sup.-, NO.sup.+ BF.sub.4.sup.-, NO.sup.+ ClO.sub.4.sup.-, (CF.sub.3).sub.2 SO.sub.4, NbF.sub.5, TaF.sub.5, WF.sub.6, FeCl.sub.3, CdCl.sub.2, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenylsulfonic acid or 2,4,6-trinitrophenylcarboxylic acid or lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, radium or an amide of these metals.

Electrically conductive complexes of polypyrroles with nitroaromatic anions are prepared by polymerizing pyrrole, an N-alkylpyrrole and/or an N-arylpyrrole by anodic oxidation in a polar solvent, in the presence of a salt of an acidic nitroaromatic compound.

Electrically conductive polypyrrole derivatives

A process for the preparation of electrically conductive heteropolyphenylenes, wherein from 0.5 to 5 per cent by weight of an activating additive is introduced, in the absence of moisture and of oxygen, into a heteropolyphenylene of the general formula ##STR1## where X is O, S, Se, SO or SO.sub.2 and Y has one of the meanings given for X or is NH, CH.sub.2, CO or C.sub.6 H.sub.4, and n is from 2 to 250. The activating additive is preferably one of the compounds AsF.sub.5, SbF.sub.5, UF.sub.6, HClO.sub.4, NO.sup.+ SbF.sub.6.sup.-, NO.sub.2.sup.+ SbF.sub.6.sup.-, NO.sup.+ PF.sub.6.sup.-, SbCl.sub.5, NO.sub.2.sup.+ PF.sub.6.sup.-, NO.sup.+ BF.sub.4.sup.-, NO.sup.+ ClO.sub.4.sup.-, (CF.sub.3).sub.2 SO.sub.4, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, 2,4,6-trinitrophenylsulfonic acid and 2,4,6-trinitrophenylcarboxylic acid, or is sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, calcium or barium or one of their amides, the latter being added, if appropriate, in tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyglycol, anthracene, naphthalene or 2-methylstyrene. The conductive heteropolyphenylenes may be used in the electrical industry for the production of solar cells, for conversion and fixing of radiation and for the production of electrical and magnetic switches, or may be used for the antistatic treatment of plastics.

Preparation of electrically conductive soluble heteropolyphenylenes

A process for the preparation of electrically conductive polyaromatics having conductivities greater than 10.sup.-2 S/cm, wherein from 0.5 to 15% by weight of an oxidizing Lewis acid, e.g. antimony pentafluoride or arsenic pentafluoride, or their NO.sup.+ - or NO.sub.2.sup.+ -salts, or a nitroaromatic, e.g. trinitrophenol or trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid, and/or a fluorine derivative, e.g. CF.sub.3 --COOH, or an acid, e.g. sulfuric acid, nitric acid or perchloric acid, is added to a polyaromatic, in the absence of moisture.

Preparation of electrically conductive polyaromatics

A process for the preparation of electrically conductive polyaromatics having conductivities greater than 10.sup.-2 S/cm., wherein from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the polyaromatics, of sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium or their amides, preferably in tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyglycol, anthracene, naphthalene or 2-methylstyrene, are incorporated into polyaromatics, in the absence of moisture and of oxygen. The conductive polyaromatics obtained may be used in the electrical industry for the manufacture of solar cells, for the conversion of radiation and for the manufacture of electrical and magnetic switches, and may also be used to render plastics antistatic.

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Ludwigshafen, Germany

Johannes Schlag