USA As Represented by Secretary of the Navy

Joel P Fields

Kerry L Wagaman

Christopher J Fawls

Douglas J Elstrodt

Kenneth K Kuo

Michael L Hudson

Timothy J Dunn

A non-/low-toxic, non-hypergolic, propellant formulation generally comprising metal nanoparticles, such as boron, aluminum, or carbon, and one or more fluoro-polymers mixed in in particulate form. The present invention takes advantage of the increased surface area provided by nano-sized metallic particles to enhance the metal's combustion efficiency, or ignitability. The inclusion of fluoro-polymers also aids in increasing the combustion efficiency of the metallic nanoparticles due to the presence of halogenic oxidizers. The thermal degradation of a halogenated fluoro-polymer additive in the propellant combustion zone serves to release halogens, thereby improving the combustion of the metallic nanoparticles and increasing the propulsion system's energy output. The present invention's formulation is safe to store and handle, environmentally-friendly, and may be economically manufactured to provide for widespread, cost-effective use.

Propellants and explosives with flouro-organic additives to improve energy release efficiency

A method of deploying sonobouys includes providing an airborne aircraft having a computer and a plurality of sonobouys; making a contact with a submarine; determining a position of the submarine, a position error of the submarine and a speed of the submarine; inputting into the computer the airborne aircraft speed, a distance from the airborne aircraft to the submarine, the position error of the submarine, and a sonobuoy detection range; computing a flight time and flight distance to a first sonobuoy drop; computing a flight time, a flight distance and an airborne aircraft course to each subsequent sonobuoy drop to encircle the submarine with sonobuoys; displaying a total number of sonobouys needed, a total flight time to deploy the total number of sonobouys and a total flight distance to deploy the total number of sonobouys; deploying a first sonobuoy; and deploying additional sonobouys until the total number of sonobouys has been deployed.

Sonobuoy deployment method

The present invention is a propellant composition comprising from about 2 percent to about 46 percent, by weight, boron particles having a diameter of less than about 500 nanometers. Liquid or gel embodiments of the invention may also include adding the boron particles to a liquid fuel in order to form a liquid fuel system. Examples of such liquid fuels include ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN), triethyl amine nitrate (TEAN), Cyclotetramethylenetetranitramine (HMX), trinitrotoluene (TNT), jet fuel formula (JP-10), kerosene, RJ-4, or other hydrocarbon based fuels. These liquid fuel systems can be part of bipropellants wherein the liquid fuel system is stored separately from an oxidizing agent and the two are mixed during operation. Examples of oxidizing agents may include nitrogen tetroxide, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl ammonium perchlorate (HAP), hydoxyl ammonium nitrate (HAN), ammonium perchlorate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium dinitramide (ADN), or a combination of said chemicals. One specific preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a fuel comprising approximately 61.60 percent by weight EAN, approximately 23 percent by weight boron particles having a diameter of less than about 500 nanometers, approximately 3.85 percent by weight ammonium nitrate, and approximately 11.55 percent by weight water coupled with an oxidizing agent comprising approximately 38 percent by weight hydrogen peroxide, approximately 46 percent by weight ammonium nitrate, and approximately 16 percent by weight water. The present invention also comprises a monopropellant formed by adding the nano-sized boron particles to a fuel containing oxygen. Another embodiment of the invention is a solid propellant wherein the nano-sized boron particles are used as a metal fuel component or as a portion of a metal fuel component and are mixed with an oxidizing agent and bound with a binder.

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Charlotte Hall, MD, United States of America

Joel P Fields