Xerox Corporation

Palo Alto Research Center Inc.

Google Inc.

Jock D MacKinlay

Bay-Wei W Chang

Polle Trescott Zellweger

Takeo Igarashi

Kenneth P Fishkin

George G Robertson

Maureen C Stone

Walter A Johnson

Peter L T Pirolli

Nicholas K Sheridon

Stuart Kent Card

James Edward Pitkow

David Kalman Biegelsen

Roy Want

Daniel H Greene

Daniel Gureasko Bobrow

Ed H Chi

Beverly L Harrison

Mark D Weiser

Craig A Smith

Richard J Goldstein

Matthew E Howard

L Charles Hebel

William C Emerson

Rich Gossweller

Gregory Niemeyer

Richard C Iii Gossweiler

Beverley L Harrison

Techniques are provided to manage seams between discrete displays. Output image information is determined at the level of an application output call, an operating system output call, a device driver, a video controller level or at any other output level. Display layout adjustments are applied to the output image information based on user input and/or the type and/or location of the output image information. Interpolable output image information and non-interpolable output image information are determined. Display layout adjustments of non-interpolable output image information selectively move the non-interpolable output image information away from the seam. Display layout adjustments of interpolable output image information at the seam selectively redraw the interpolable output image information through the seam. Techniques for applying seam information as a constraint in the initial layout of the output image information are also provided. Techniques of maintaining context within text and other high context output image information are provided in which portions of the display immediately before a seam are replicated onto the display immediately following the seam.

Systems and methods for managing seams

A swoopy text method and system for generating and displaying curved text to connect primary source data with secondary data, including alternatively connecting different text streams, to augment the meaning of original text and/or to replace the meaning of the original text stream with secondary data.

Swoopy text for connecting annotations in fluid documents

An encoded sheet material includes a sheet of material that has a first surface, a second surface disposed opposite the first surface and an edge extending between the first and second surfaces and peripherally about the sheet of material. The edge has indicia arranged on it to form a code that identifies at least one characteristic of the sheet of material. A sheet processing apparatus uses the encoded sheet material and includes a code reader device and a processor. The code reader device reads the code. The processor communicates with the code reader device and causes the sheet processing apparatus to process the sheet of material based upon the read code. An encoded image recording medium and image recording apparatuses are also described.

Encoded sheet material and sheet processing apparatus using encoded sheet material

Tamper-evident electric paper is made of two sheets of electric paper bonded together, the bottom sheet of which includes a pattern. Any attempt to erase a writing on the top sheet of electric paper results in the pattern on the bottom sheet of electric paper being erased. Therefore any tampering by erasure of a writing on the tamper-evident electric paper is revealed by the absence of a portion of the pattern on the bottom sheet of electric paper. Single sheet tamper-evident electric paper has a complex pattern, such as an encryption, printed on a single sheet of electric paper. Any attempt to erase a writing on the electric paper also erases a portion of the encryption, thereby providing evidence of tampering.

Tamper-evident electric paper

A method for inputting information to a revolvable device, optionally connected to a deformable piece includes the steps of rotating, spinning, or revolvably orienting the deformable piece to provide a first morpheme input to the device. The first morpheme input normally triggers a first default action by the device, such as controlling a display, modifying a data structure, or communicating with another electronic device. When a user asynchronously manipulates the deformable piece to provide a second morpheme input to the device, the second morpheme input converts the normally triggered first default action to a second action generally not equivalent to the first default action. This mode of interaction allows formation of morphemic sentences to control a graspable device.

Spinning as a morpheme for a physical manipulatory grammar

An augmented spreadsheet presentation provides for selecting a region of user focus in a primary body of data displayed as an array of cells, with two or more displayed cells of the array of cells being logically linked by a constraint graph. Two or more displayed cells can be linked by color or symbol animations in response to selected user focus with a mouse or other cursor. Complex animations that successively illustrate multiple constraint graph paths are possible.

Animated spreadsheet for dynamic display of constraint graphs

A primary body of data is displayable on a screen and a supporting body of data is relatable to an annotation tag present in the primary body of textual data. An annotation tag having a predetermined size in the primary body of data is selected, and negotiations ensue between the primary body of data and the supporting body to determine a space into which the supporting body of data can be fitted while substantially maintaining an unobstructed view of the primary body of data. To help accommodate the supporting body of data, at least a portion of the primary body of data is spatially morphed by repositioning, resizing, or distortion. An animation sequence is used to position the supporting body of data in the negotiated space.

Spatial morphing of text to accommodate annotations

An augmented spreadsheet presentation provides for selecting a region of user focus in a primary body of data displayed as an array of cells, with two or more displayed cells of the array of cells being logically linked by a constraint graph. Color of two or more displayed cells can be dynamically adjusted in response to selected user focus with a mouse or other cursor, with each of the two or more displayed cells having a slightly different color to form a color gradient that shows constraint graph linkage of the cells. Additional annotations illustrating constraint graph relationships or formulas can also be activated by a transient mouse focus.

Spreadsheet view enhancement system

Methods for displaying results of a spreading activation algorithm and for defining an activation input vector for the spreading activation algorithm are disclosed. A planar disk tree is used to represent the generalized graph structure being modeled in a spreading activation algorithm. Activation bars on some or all nodes of the planar disk tree in the dimension perpendicular to the disk tree encode the final activation level resulting at the end of N iterations of the spreading activation algorithm. The number of nodes for which activation bars are displayed may be a predetermined number, a predetermine fraction of all nodes, or a determined by a predetermined activation level threshold. The final activation levels resulting from activation spread through more than one flow network corresponding to the same generalized graph are displayed as color encoded segments on the activation bars. Content, usage, topology, or recommendation flow networks may be used for spreading activation. The difference between spreading activation through different flow networks corresponding to the same generalized graph may be displayed by subtracting the resulting activation patterns from each network and displaying the difference. The spreading activation input vector is determined by continually measuring the dwell time that the user's cursor spends on a displayed node. Activation vectors at various intermediate steps of the N-step spreading activation algorithm are color encoded onto nodes of disk trees within time tubes. The activation input vector and the activation vectors resulting from all N steps are displayed in a time tube having N+1 planar disk trees. Alternatively, a periodic subset of all N activation vectors are displayed, or a subset showing planar disk trees representing large changes in activation levels or phase shifts are displayed while planar disk trees representing smaller changes in activation levels are not displayed.

Methods for interactive visualization of spreading activation using time

A means for prefetching linked document objects in a document workspace. A document object may be a document or a document collection. Such document objects have links to other document objects. The prefetching process of the present invention enables a user to obtain document objects linked to a document that they are interacting with before they are needed. Typically, such linked document objects are related so it is likely that they would be needed. The retrieved document objects are displayed so that their linking is indicated using a cone tree visualization. Various controls are provided which enable the user to stop and start the retrieval process, specify the scope and depth of retrieval, and to specify documents for which linked documents should not be retrieved. A history stack area is provided in the document workspace to place prior instances of cone tree visualizations of retrieved document objects.

Computer controlled display system for displaying a three-dimensional

The method and apparatus of the present invention generates clusters of documents in a collection of linked documents based on co-citation analysis. The frequency linkage is determined for each document in the collection. In other words, the number of times each document is linked to by another document in the collection is determined. Further, a minimum frequency linkage (link frequency threshold) is specified based on a predetermined minimum frequency of document linkage. Additionally, a list of pairs of documents that are linked to by the same document is created so that each of the pairs of documents has a count of the number of times (co-citation frequency) that they are both linked to by another document. Pairs of linked documents are clustered using a suitable co-citation technique.

Method and apparatus for clustering a collection of linked documents

A method of making a substrate in which sets of optically anisotropic spheroidal balls are disposed, as for use in an electrical twisting ball display. First and second sets of spheroidal balls, are deposited on a receiving surface composed of an elastomer substrate material in an adhesive state, the spheroidal balls thus deposited adhering to the receiving surface. Balls of the first and second sets are physically distinguishable from one another. Balls of the first set can be deposited in a first arrangement, and balls of the second set, in a second arrangement. Each ball of each set has an optical anisotropy and an anisotropy for providing an electrical dipole moment, the electrical dipole moment rendering the ball electrically responsive such that when the ball is rotatably disposed in an electric field while the electrical dipole moment of the ball is provided, the ball tends to rotate to an orientation in which the electrical dipole moment aligns with the field. With the balls thus deposited, additional, liquid elastomer material is poured over the balls adhering to the receiving surface, thereby covering the balls and forming an uncured substrate material in which the balls are disposed. This uncured substrate material is cured to form a substrate in which balls of the first and second sets are disposed. A plasticizer fluid can be applied to the substrate thus formed, thereby expanding the substrate so as to render the balls disposed in the substrate rotatable within the substrate.

Fabrication of a twisting ball display having two or more different

An information visualization system which uses dynamic queries in combination with movable viewing operation regions (VORs) for searching of two dimensional databases. Boolean and real-valued queries are made by overlapping viewing operation regions which include filters to search for specific data in the database. The viewing operation regions include interactive interfaces such as sliders and/or buttons to control the value of the filter function and define a composition operation generated by overlapping the VORs. The system provides a graphical display of database values and direct manipulation tools for exploring relationships between the database.

Method and apparatus for interactive database queries via movable

A method for one button searching long lists is initiated by depressing a first search button to initiate a first mode scrolling search of a plurality of list members ordered in a list. Each list member is sequentially displayed on a small display, with the display typically being a handheld device capable of simultaneously displaying ten lines of alphanumeric characters. A second mode scrolling search is initiated after maintenance of the first search button in a depressed state and elapse of a first predetermined time interval of about one second. In the second mode scrolling search, a selected subset of list members, each having a same first letter, is ordered by their second letters for sequential display. A third mode scrolling search commences after maintenance of the first search button in a depressed state and elapse of another second, with selected subset of list members ordered by their first letter for sequentially display. Upon button release in either second or third mode, the search mode reverts to the next lower mode, with third mode going to second mode, and second mode going to first mode.

One button searching of long lists

A tristate light valve ball for an electrical twisting ball device composed of spheroidal balls rotatably disposed in an elastomer substrate. The ball is composed of segments arrayed substantially parallel to one another, each segment being adjacent to at least one other segment and to no more than two other segments. Adjacent segments are adjoined to one another at substantially planar interfaces. The segments include: a first, interior, nontransparent segment having a first optical modulation characteristic; a second exterior, transparent segment, adjacent to the first segment and having a second optical modulation characteristic; a third, interior, nontransparent segment having a third optical modulation characteristic; and a fourth, exterior, transparent segment adjacent to the third segment. For example, the ball can be made with a black first segment adjacent to a white third segment, surrounded on either side by clear second and fourth exterior segments. The ball has an anisotropy for providing an electrical dipole moment, the electrical dipole moment rendering the ball electrically responsive such that when the ball is rotatably disposed in a nonoscillating electric field while the electrical dipole moment of the ball is provided, the ball tends to rotate to an orientation in which the electrical dipole moment aligns with the field. Also disclosed are: a material made up of a substrate layer in which are disposed the aforementioned balls, with a colored backing joined to a rear surface of the layer; and a method for using a device incorporating the balls.

Growing community of inventors

Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

Jock D MacKinlay