Max-planck-gesellschaft Zur F&#xf6;rderung Der Wissenschaften E. V.

Fraunhofer-gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.v.

Rwth Aachen

Ludwig-maximilians-universitaet Muenchen

Joachim Pupeza

Ferenc Krausz

Thomas Udem

Hanieh Fattahi

Johannes Weitenberg

Marinus Huber

Mihaela Zigman Kohlmaier

Peter Russbuldt

Peter RUSSBÜLDT

A method of measuring a polarization response of a sample (), in particular a biological sample, comprises the steps of generating a sequence of excitation waves (), irradiating the sample () with the sequence of excitation waves (), including an interaction of the excitation waves () with the sample (), so that a sequence of sample waves () is generated each including a superposition of a sample main pulse and a sample global molecular fingerprint (GMF) wave (E(t)), irradiating a reference sample (A) with the sequence of excitation waves (), including an interaction of the excitation waves () with the reference sample (A), so that a sequence of reference waves (A) is generated each including a superposition of a reference main pulse and a reference GMF wave (E(t)), optically separating a difference of the sample waves () and reference waves (A) from GMF wave contributions which are common to both of the sample waves () and reference waves (A) in space and/or time, and detecting the difference of the sample waves () and the reference waves (A) and determining a temporal amplitude of differential molecular fingerprint (dMF) waves (&#x394;E) () each comprising the difference of the sample and reference GMF waves. Furthermore, as a spectroscopic apparatus for measuring a polarization response of a sample () is described.

Methods and devices for measuring changes in the polarization response of a sample by field-resolved vibrational spectroscopy

The present invention relates to a stable optical cavity, in which an obstacle is formed or arranged on the optical axis in the form of a through-opening in one of the mirrors or of an input- or output-coupling element, in order to enable a direct geometric access to the optical axis. The mirrors of the cavity are arranged such that a degeneracy of a plurality of transverse eigenmodes of the cavity occurs without an obstacle, by the combination of which an intensity minimum is obtained in the cavity with an obstacle at the position of the through-opening or of the input- or output-coupling element. With this configuration an optical cavity of high finesse which has a position of maximum intensity on the optical axis can be realized.

Optical resonator with direct geometric access to the optical axis

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Tuerkenfeld, Germany

Joachim Pupeza