Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp.

Jiro Korenaga

Masahiro Iwasaki

Yukimi Kawabata

Keisuke Kusano

Yohei Saito

Daisuke Haruyama

Kosuke Narita

Shinya Yamamoto

Yoshifumi Shoji

Yasuhiro Niida

Takuro Hoshio

Hiroyuki Miura

Kazuyuki Tada

Mitsuhide Nakamura

Yoichi Kigoshi

Yuko Yamano

Michinori Fukuma

Hirofumi Nakamura

Takayuki Yamashita

Taketoshi Hoshizaki

Kenta Shingu

Yasuhiko Kinuta

Satoshi Mizoguchi

Yoshiteru Yamada

Ryo Sekiguchi

Keiko Matsuki

Yoshiyuki Hayashi

Takuya Morishige

Ryota Kaneko

Shoko Hachiya

Shuhei Yamazaki

An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor that includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and an inorganic surface layer containing a group 13 element and oxygen in this order, a charging device that charges a surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, an electrostatic charge image forming device that forms an electrostatic charge image on the charged surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor, a developing device that accommodates an electrostatic charge image developer containing a toner and a carrier with a volume resistance value of 1×10Ω or greater and 1×10Ω or less, supplies the electrostatic charge image developer, and develops the electrostatic charge image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor as a toner image, and a transfer device that transfers the toner image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor to a surface of a recording medium.

Image forming apparatus and unit for image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoconductor includes a conductive substrate, and a photoconductive layer, in which an outermost surface layer contains a binder resin, a charge transporting material, fluorine-containing resin particles, and an acidic compound, the number of carboxyl groups in the fluorine-containing resin particles is 0 or more and 30 or less per 10carbon atoms of the fluorine-containing resin particles, and in a case where charging and exposure of the electrophotographic photoconductor are repeated 10,000 times under conditions of a charging potential of −700 V and an exposure intensity of 5 mJ/m, an absolute value |RP−RP| of a difference between a residual potential RPafter charging and exposure once and a residual potential RPafter charging and exposure 10,000 times is 25 V or less.

Electrophotographic photoconductor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

A lubricant solid contains, in a content of 92 mass % or more and 100 mass % or less, a lubricant having a polygonal network bond structure.

Lubricant solid, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer on the conductive substrate, a charge generation layer on the undercoat layer, a charge transport layer on the charge generation layer, and an inorganic protection layer on the charge transport layer, in which the charge transport layer contains a binder resin and a charge transport material, and, when impedance of the charge transport layer is measured, a ratio (C/C) of an electrostatic capacitance Cat 1 Hz to an electrostatic capacitance Cat 10 Hz is 1.1 or less.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer-type photosensitive layer on the conductive substrate. The single-layer-type photosensitive layer contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, an electron transporting material, and a hole transporting material. The single-layer-type photosensitive layer has a concentration ratio (A/B) of 0.7 or more and 1.0 or less, where the concentration ratio (A/B) is a ratio of a concentration A of the electron transporting material relative to the binder resin measured from a surface of the photosensitive layer remote from the conductive substrate to a concentration B of the electron transporting material relative to the binder resin measured from a surface of the photosensitive layer close to the conductive substrate.

An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a conductive base and a single-layer-type photosensitive layer on the conductive base. The photosensitive layer contains a binder resin, a charge generation material, a hole transport material, a fluorine-atom-containing electron transport material, and fluorine-atom-containing resin particles. An amount of the charge generation material in the photosensitive layer is 0.5% by weight or more and less than 2.0% by weight. The charge generation material has a distribution that satisfies Formula (1): 30&#x2266;a/b in a thickness direction of the photosensitive layer where a and b are as defined in the specification, and b may be 0. The fluorine-atom-containing electron transport material has a distribution that satisfies Formula (2): 30&#x2266;c/d in the thickness direction of the photosensitive layer where c and d are as defined in the specification, and d may be 0.

Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a single-layer photosensitive layer which is provided on the conductive substrate and contains a binder resin, at least one charge generating material selected from a hydroxygallium phthalocyanine pigment and a chlorogallium phthalocyanine pigment, a first electron transporting material defined in the specification, a second electron transporting material defined in the specification, and a hole transporting material defined in the specification, wherein a total content of all electron transporting materials is greater than or equal to 4 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of a total solid content of the photosensitive layer, and an average loss elastic modulus E&#x2033; of the photosensitive layer, which is obtained by measuring dynamic viscoelasticity at a temperature of from 35&#xb0; C. to 50&#xb0; C. and a frequency of 0.5 Hz, is less than or equal to 1.000&#xd7;10.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, and a single-layer type photosensitive layer that contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, and an electron transporting material, wherein a content of the charge generating material in the photosensitive layer is 0.5% by weight or more and less than 2.0% by weight and the charge generating material satisfies expression (1): 30&#x2266;a/b, wherein a represents the number of the charge generating materials per unit cross-sectional area in a region ranging from the surface side of the film thickness of the photosensitive layer to a point corresponding to &#x2153;, and b represents the number of the charge generating materials per unit cross-sectional area in a region ranging from the conductive substrate side of the film thickness of the photosensitive layer to a position corresponding to &#x2154;, provided that a case where b is 0 is included.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a singlelayer type photosensitive layer which is provided on the conductive substrate and contains a binder resin, a charge generating material, a hole transporting material, an electron transporting material represented by the formula (1), and a fluorenone compound represented by the formula (2): wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, and Rrepresents an alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; and wherein R, R, R, R, R, R, and Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, and Rrepresents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group.

A charging member includes a conductive support and a surface layer provided on the conductive support, wherein electron emitting energy on a surface of the charging member is equal to or less than 10 cps/eV.

Charging member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

Provided is an electron transport material represented by formula (1): wherein X represents an oxygen atom or &#x2550;C(CN); R, R, R, R, R, R, and Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; R, R, and Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, &#x2014;R&#x2014;O&#x2014;R, or &#x2014;R&#x2014;CO&#x2014;O&#x2014;R; Rrepresents a linear or branched alkylene group; Rrepresents a linear or branched alkyl group; Rrepresents a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group; and Rrepresents a linear or branched alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, provided that at least two or more groups of R, R, and Rrepresent a group other than a hydrogen atom.

Electron transport material, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

A charging member includes a conductive base material and a conductive outermost layer provided on the conductive base material, wherein the conductive outermost layer has a ten-point average surface roughness Rz of 2 &#x3bc;m to 20 &#x3bc;m and contains a resin and particles in which particles having a particle diameter of 5.0 &#x3bc;m or more and a circularity of 0.8 or less are 30% by number or less with respect to the total number of particles having a particle diameter of 5.0 &#x3bc;m or more and particles having a particle diameter of less than 5.0 &#x3bc;m and a circularity of 0.8 or less are from 20% by number to 80% by number with respect to the total number of particles having a particle diameter of less than 5.0 &#x3bc;m.

Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate, wherein an uppermost surface layer thereof is constituted with a cured film of a composition that contains at least two kinds of reactive charge transporting materials selected from a first reactive charge transporting material having an &#x2014;OH group as a reactive functional group and a second reactive charge transporting material having an &#x2014;OCHgroup as a reactive functional group, fluororesin particles, and an alkyl fluoride group-containing copolymer having repeating units represented by the following Structural Formulae A and B, and a relative dielectric constant &#x2208;r of the uppermost surface layer satisfies the following Formula (1): 

Provided is an electrophotographic photoreceptor including an electroconductive substrate, an undercoat layer that is provided on the electroconductive substrate, contains a binder resin, metal oxide particles and an electron accepting compound having an acidic group and has an AC impedance of from 1&#xd7;10&#x3a9; to 1&#xd7;10&#x3a9; under the measurement condition in which a temperature is 22&#xb0; C., a humidity is 50% RH, an AC voltage is &#xb1;1 V, and a frequency is 1 Hz and an AC impedance of from 1&#xd7;10&#x3a9; to 1&#xd7;10&#x3a9; under the measurement condition in which a temperature is 22&#xb0; C., a humidity is 50% RH, an AC voltage is &#xb1;1 V, and a frequency is 100 Hz, and a photosensitive layer that is provided on the undercoat layer.

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, an undercoat layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, a charge generation layer that is provided on the undercoat layer, a charge transport layer that is provided on the charge generation layer, and a protective layer that is provided on the charge transport layer and has volume resistivity of 2&#xd7;10&#x3a9;&#xb7;m to 4&#xd7;10&#x3a9;&#xb7;m, and the work functions and electron affinities of the undercoat layer and the charge generation layer satisfy the following Expression (1): 0.4 eV&#x2266;(Efuc&#x2212;Eauc)&#x2212;(Efcg&#x2212;Eacg)&#x2266;0.6 eV (where Efuc represents the work function of the undercoat layer, Eauc represents the electron affinity of the undercoat layer, Efcg represents the work function of the charge generation layer, and Eacg represents the electron affinity of the charge generation layer).

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Kanagawa, Japan

Jiro Korenaga