3M Innovative Properties Company

Jian Li

Cheryl L S Elsbernd

Adam J Meuler

Zachary J Malmberg

Thomas E S Muehle

Guglielmo Memo Izzi

Ranjith Divigalpitiya

David Edward Livingstone

Frank A Brandys

Raul P Moraes

Jonathan M Cliffen

Anibal S Sanchez-Garcia

Weixing Hou

Paolo Rocca

Thomas ES Muehle

Cheryl LS Elsbernd

Articles subject to ice formation during normal use are described. The article comprises a repellent surface such that the receding contact angle of the surface with water ranges from 90 degrees to 135 degrees. The repellent surface comprises a fluorochemical material, typically in combination with a non-fluorinated organic polymeric binder. The fluorochemical material is preferably a compound having the formula: (R&#x2212;L&#x2212;P)A Ris a fluorinated group; L is independently an organic divalent linking group; P is a catenary, divalent heteroatom-containing carbonyl moiety, such as &#x2014;C(O)O&#x2014;; A is hydrocarbon moiety; and n typically ranges from 1 to 3; also described are methods of making an article comprising providing an article subject to ice formation during normal use and providing a liquid repellent surface, as described herein, on at least a portion of the article.

Articles subject to ice formation comprising a repellent surface

A heating tape comprises an insulated heating element that includes a heating element layer comprising a polymer composite having conductive particles and at least one set of conductive electrodes at least partially embedded in the polymer composite and extending along at least a substantial portion of the length of the heating tape. A heating tape system for a pipe or other surface, further includes a power ramp controller having a solid state relay component to regulate an in-rush of current to the heating element. The heating tape system also includes a connector having multiple contact points.

Heating tape and system

Articles subject to ice formation during normal use are described. The article comprises a repellent surface such that the receding contact angle of the surface with water ranges from 90 degrees to 135 degrees. The repellent surface comprises a fluorochemical material, typically in combination with a non-fluorinated organic polymeric binder. The fluorochemical material is prefer-ably a compound having the formula: (R-L-P)A Ris a fluorinated group; L is independently an organic divalent linking group; P is a catenary, divalent heteroatom-containing carbonyl moiety, such as &#x2014;C(O)O&#x2014;; A is hydrocarbon moiety; and n typically ranges from 1 to 3. Also described are methods of making an article comprising providing an article subject to ice formation during normal use and providing a liquid repellent surface, as described herein, on at least a portion of the article.

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Jian Li