Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc.

Litton Systems, Inc.

Jerome C Kremen

Eugene K Achter

Rodolfo R Rodriguez

Paolo Priarone

Otis G Zehl

Michael G Price

Edward H David, Jr

A system is shown which receives several radio frequency (RF) signals and applies these signals to a Bragg cell through which a beam of coherent light is passed and diffracted into several first order beamlets. The diffraction angle of the beamlets is a function of the frequency of the RF signals. The beamlets are amplified in an amplifier having a fast response time to match the response time of the system. Fiber optic bundles are provided at the input and output of the amplifier to guide the beamlets from a linear pattern into an areal pattern and to spread the beamlets for a more efficient use of the amplifier. The amplified beamlets are then formed into a linear pattern and applied to a photodetector to determine the frequency of the RF signals.

Acousto-optic signal detection system

An improved nephelometer for immunochemical complex assay measures forward light scatter in samples. The angle of forward scatter, about 30.degree., is small enough to result in a large amount of forward scatter from the immunochemical complex particles which are to be assayed, whose size is of the order of the wave length of the light used in the optical system. Forward scattering from smaller particles, such as from molecules of buffer, antibody and serum, is constant during the course of a test, and is compensated for by the use of subtraction circuits which are readily and semiautomatically adjusted to subtract proper values, in accordance with the readings taken on standard or 'blank' samples of buffer, antibody and serum. Forward scattering from large particles, such as dust, is variable, and results in fluctuating signals, which are electrically processed to ignore the spurious peaks. The results of a test are displayed on a digital read out meter. Also described is a method of and protocol for immunochemical assay, whereby the amount of antigen originally present in a sample is determined by adding a known amount of antibody, and by assaying the 'blank' component ingredients and the resulting mixture.

Nephelometer having means semiautomatically canceling components from

Nephelometer and nephelometer method for assaying immunochemical complex

An optical scrambler for depolarizing a beam of polarized incident light comprises two birefringent prisms having orthometric optic axis. The prisms are juxtaposed with their inclined surfaces joined in optically wrung relationship to receive the incident light with the axis of polarization thereof aligned at 45 degrees with respect to the optic axis of the prisms.

Optical scrambler for depolarizing light

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Takoma Park, MD, United States of America

Jerome C Kremen