The Nielsen Comapny (US), LLC

Gracenote, Inc.

Jeremey M Davis

Alexander Pavlovich Topchy

Christen Voss Nielsen

David Gish

Wendell D Lynch

Khaldun Karazoun

Venugopal Srinivasan

Morris Lee

Arun Ramaswamy

Markus Kurt Cremer

Jeffrey William Scott

Daniel John Nelson

David Howell Wright

Vladimir Kuznetsov

Timothy Scott Cooper

Ronny Lerch

Jonathan Chazen

Sharmishtha Gupta

Nicholas Mannion

Cherisse Ponraj

Chris Curtis

Kevin Keqiang Deng

Sandeep Tapse

James Petro

Robert Edward Taylor

Meryem Berrada

Ira W Bryant, Jr

Karem A Fernandez

Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture to fingerprint an audio signal. An example apparatus disclosed herein includes an audio segmenter to divide an audio signal into a plurality of audio segments, a bin normalizer to normalize the second audio segment to thereby create a first normalized audio segment, a subfingerprint generator to generate a first subfingerprint from the first normalized audio segment, the first subfingerprint including a first portion corresponding to a location of an energy extremum in the normalized second audio segment, a portion strength evaluator to determine a likelihood of the first portion to change, and a portion replacer to, in response to determining the likelihood does not satisfy a threshold, replace the first portion with a second portion to thereby generate a second subfingerprint.

Methods and apparatus to fingerprint an audio signal

A method and system for media-exposure monitoring. An example method includes a computing system receiving digital query signature data representing a media content item presented at a panelist site. Further, the method includes the computing system identifying the media content item, with the identifying being based on matching of the received digital query signature data with reference signature data. Still further, the method includes the computing system determining a streaming-media service that streamed the identified media content item to the panelist site for presentation, with the determining of the streaming-media service including finding an intersection of (i) a first set of one or more streaming-media services known to offer streaming of the media content item and (ii) a second set of one or more streaming-media services to which the panelist site subscribes.

Use of credited content to deduce non-linear content source for monitoring media exposure

A method includes receiving, by a computing system, an audio signal, where the audio signal defines a segment of media content over time. The method also includes establishing by the computing system, based on the received audio signal, a normalized query frequency-domain representation of the received audio signal. The method further includes matching, by the computing system, the normalized query frequency-domain representation of the received audio signal with a correspondingly normalized reference frequency-domain representation of a reference audio signal having an associated identity. The method additionally includes based on the matching, determining by the computing system that an identity of the received audio signal is the associated identity of the reference audio signal.

Compensating for time scale differences between audio and other signals in fingerprinting and matching applications

Methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed to generate media exposure maps of media environments. An example apparatus includes memory and processor circuitry to execute instructions to at least: group first locations into a first cluster and second locations into a second cluster, ones of the first locations and the second locations based on at least one of corresponding angle of arrival measurements or corresponding angle of departure measurements, determine a first duration corresponding to the first cluster and a second duration corresponding to the second cluster based on timestamps of the first locations and the second locations, and generate a map based on at least one of the first cluster or the second cluster in response to one of the first duration or the second duration meeting a threshold duration and corresponding to a monitored data, the map to represent an area of media exposure in a media presentation environment.

Methods and apparatus to generate media exposure maps of media environments

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture for identifying streaming sessions are disclosed. An example apparatus includes an audience measurer to determine an identifier for a commercial presented at a media presentation device, and to determine a time at which the commercial was presented. The example apparatus also includes a log analyzer to compare the identifier and the time to a streaming session log from a streaming service provider (SSP) to identify a streaming session in which the commercial associated with the identifier was presented at the time. The example apparatus also includes a panelist matcher to associate, based on the comparison, a panelist identifier with a streaming session identifier corresponding to the streaming session.

Methods and apparatus to identify streaming sessions

To extract an identifier value from a watermark in media content, a system initially determines the identifier by determining symbol values based on an evaluation of tone strength of each of multiple symbol time segments of the watermark. Further, the system assigns a quality level to the watermark, based on a count of errors in the determined symbol values in view of one or more watermark-structure rules. Still further, if the quality level is threshold low, then the system engages in an error correction process that takes into account, for each symbol time segment whose symbol value may be erroneous, whether that symbol time segment has a threshold strong tone combination that matches the tone combination of a corresponding symbol time segment in a verified watermark. And if the error correction process is successful, the system replaces the determined identifier value with the identifier value of the verified watermark.

Use of symbol strength and verified watermark detection as basis to improve media-exposure detection

Apparatus, systems, methods, and articles of manufacture related to end-point media watermarking are disclosed. An example device includes a media receiver to receive a media signal, a watermark generator to generate a watermark, a trigger to activate the watermark generator to generate the watermark based on an external input, an encoder to encode the media signal with the watermark to synthesize an encoded media signal, a media output to render the encoded media signal.

End-point media watermarking

An example apparatus includes at least one processor circuitry to execute or instantiate instructions to identify a media file is scheduled to be accessed by a media device within a first time period after a publishing of the media file was published by a media provider; select a first symbol to be inserted at a first symbol position and a second symbol to be inserted at a second symbol position to identify an access of the media file is to be accessed by the media device within the first time period, the first symbol position in a first bit sequence, the second symbol position in a second bit sequence; encode the first bit sequence in the media file on a first encoding layer of a multilayered watermark, and encode the second bit sequence in the media file on a second encoding layer of the multilayered watermark.

Systems, apparatus, and methods to improve watermark detection in acoustic environments

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to use station identification to enable confirmation of exposure to live media. Example apparatus disclosed herein include a watermark data segmenter to determine a media identifier conveyed by a watermark, a detection time determiner to determine a time at which a media meter detected the watermark from a media presentation by a media device, a reference identifier to query a library of reference signatures for a reference signature associated with the media identifier of the watermark and associated with a reference timestamp corresponding to the time at which the media meter detected the watermark, and a viewing type determiner to determine whether the media presentation is live or time-shifted based on whether a result of the query indicates the reference signature does not exist in the library of reference signatures.

Methods and apparatus to use station identification to enable confirmation of exposure to live media

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for delivering extended payloads with composite watermarks. Examples disclosed herein embed a first watermark into a media stream in accordance with a first watermark technology, where the first watermark includes a first indicator bit and a first payload. Disclosed examples also embed a second watermark into the media stream in accordance with a second watermark technology, where the second watermark includes a second indicator bit and a second payload. In some disclosed examples, the first indicator bit and the second indicator bit are to indicate whether the first payload and the second payload are to be combined when the first watermark and the second watermark are decoded.

Methods and apparatus for delivering extended payloads with composite watermarks

Examples are disclosed to perform signature matching using noise cancellation models to achieve consensus. Example apparatus disclosed herein include a signature matcher to compare a first stream of monitored media signatures to streams of reference signatures representative of corresponding reference media to determine a first signature match, and compare a second stream of monitored media signatures to the streams of reference signatures to determine a second signature match; a match selector to use at least one the first signature match or the second signature match to identify a first one of the reference media corresponding to the monitored media data; and a creditor interface to output identification data for the first one of the reference media identified with the at least one the first signature match or the second signature match, the identification data to be used to credit a media exposure corresponding to the monitored media.

Methods and apparatus to perform signature matching using noise cancellation models to achieve consensus

Apparatus, systems, articles of manufacture, and methods to identify media using watermarks and signatures are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, instructions, and processor circuitry to execute the instructions to: determine a first time and a category indicated by a watermark detected in the media, determine a search window based on the first time indicated by the watermark, the search window to at least one of (i) extend a first duration of time before the first time indicated by the watermark or (ii) extend a second duration of time after the first time indicated by the watermark, and compare (i) a query signature associated with a second time within the search window with (ii) a subset of reference signatures associated with the category to identify the media, the query signature generated from the media, the subset of reference signatures generated from reference media associated with the category.

Media identification using watermarks and signatures

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to determine media exposure of a panelist are disclosed. An example apparatus include memory; computer readable instructions; and processor circuitry to execute the computer readable instructions to: determine an anonymized identifier from media monitoring data corresponding to a personal people meter of a panelist; filter anonymized census data from a plurality of media devices based on the anonymized identifier; when second media data different than first media data is included in the media monitoring data during a same time duration, tag the time duration as corresponding to multiple media exposure; and credit exposure to media for the panelist based on the tag.

Methods and apparatus to determine media exposure of a panelist

Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for affiliate interrupt detection. An example method disclosed herein includes determining whether a first time period of a first audio signal corresponds to a first affiliate interrupt period based on whether (1) a first type of watermark is detected in the first time period of the first audio signal, and (2) a second type of watermark is detected in the first audio signal outside the first time period but not in the first time period of the first audio signal, and determining whether the first time period of the first audio signal corresponds to the first affiliate interrupt period when watermarks are not detected in the first time period of the first audio signal based on comparison of first signatures with second signatures representing a corresponding first time period of a reference audio signal.

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New Port Richey, FL, United States of America

Jeremey M Davis