The Government of the United States of America, As Represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security

Battelle Memorial Institute

Other

Jeffrey Brian Barber

James Christopher Weatherall

Barry Thomas Smith

Peter Roland Smith

Duane Karns

Barry H Smith

John Brady

Duane Clifford Karns

Zachary J Landicini

A device to determine density includes a housing, a first transducer disposed in the housing at a first position, and a second transducer disposed in the housing at a second position. The second transducer is located a distance from the first transducer. The device also includes a controller that reads a first output from the first transducer, and reads a second output from the second transducer. The controller determines a density of a liquid based on the first output, the second output, and the distance.

Miniature wireless concentration meter and method to determine density and concentration

Miniature wireless concentration meter

An automated resonant waveguide cavity system for determining one or complex permittivity measurements of a sample is provided. The automated resonant waveguide cavity system includes a resonant cavity, a waveguide coupled to the resonant cavity, a programmable network analyzer (PNA) coupled to the waveguide, and a computing device. The computing device includes a memory storing processor executable code for a determination engine and a processor executing the processor executable code to cause the determination engine to obtain data from the PNA. The data is respective to the sample within the resonant cavity. The determination engine further integrates a plurality of analytical and modeling functions in determining the complex permittivity values of the sample from the data.

Automated resonant waveguide cavity system for complex permittivity measurements

Examples are directed toward systems and methods relating to collecting and analyzing samples. For example, a system includes a cold trap that directly collects a sample. The cold trap operates to serve as a collection filter while the system draws in a flow across the cold trap. A thermal heater, coupled to the cold trap, flash heats the cold trap to produce a released sample from the cold trap at a release concentration. An analyzer entrains the released sample at the release concentration into a sampling flow of the analyzer for analysis.

Cold trap enhanced input into low-cost analyzer

A method of using a resonant cavity for measuring a complex permittivity &#x3b5; and identifying of a sample (solid or liquid) of microliter volume size includes using a network analyzer to measure over a defined millimeter wave frequency range, a first resonance frequency at a cavity resonance mode, and calculating an unloaded quality factor of an enclosed resonant waveguide cavity of a defined internal dimensions, placing a sample on a surface of a bottom wall of the resonant waveguide cavity and measure a second resonance frequency and calculating a loaded quality factor; determining, a resonance frequency shift &#x394;f=(f&#x2212;f), determining a complex permittivity &#x3b5; of the sample according to the resonance frequency shift &#x394;f, the loaded quality factor, the unloaded quality factor and the defined internal dimensions; and identifying the sample using a database through the complex permittivity &#x3b5;.

Resonant waveguide cavity system for complex permittivity measurements

A vertical escape structure comprises an escape housing disposed in a vertical orientation and mounted to a ground to maintain structural integrity in the vertical orientation against external flooding. The escape housing includes an interior which is sealed against water entry from exterior flooding and at least one of a staircase, a ladder, an elevator, or a lift disposed in the interior of the escape housing. The vertical escape structure further comprises a connecting walkway to connect the escape housing to a building. The escape housing has a smaller horizontal footprint than the building. The walkway is severable from the building by force without damaging the escape housing to cause water entry from the exterior flooding.

Vertical flood escape structure

The present disclosure is directed to a measurement system for measuring a reflection coefficient of a test sample, including: a transceiver antenna configured to be coupled to a source of electromagnetic radiation; and a RAM positioned between the transceiver antenna and a measurement region of the transceiver antenna, wherein the RAM comprises an aperture substantially orthogonal to and substantially aligned with a transceiving axis of the transceiver antenna. A method for obtaining error correction of a measurement system and a method of measuring a reflection coefficient in a test sample are also provided.

Measurement system and methods of measuring a reflection coefficient

Methods of obtaining error correction for reflection coefficient measurement systems

The present disclosure is directed to an artificial skin having a radar absorbing layer and a conductive layer containing an electrically conductive material, wherein the artificial skin has a reflection coefficient substantially equal to a human skin reflection coefficient, the human skin reflection coefficient being determined at an electromagnetic radiation frequency ranging from 1-500 GHz. A human phantom composed of the artificial skin and methods of testing the contrast resolution sufficiency of and active millimeter wave imaging system using the human phantom are also disclosed.

Artificial skin having a reflection coefficient substantially equal to human skin

The present disclosure is directed to a contrast phantom having a first region with a first reflection coefficient, a second region with a second reflection coefficient, and a third region with a third reflection coefficient, wherein the first reflection coefficient, the second reflection coefficient and the third reflection coefficient are increasing or decreasing in value in discrete steps, and wherein at least one of the regions includes an electrically conductive material having a thickness of about 200 &#x3bc;m. Methods of testing the contrast resolution of an active millimeter wave imaging system using the contrast phantom are also described.

Contrast phantoms and uses thereof for active millimeter wave imaging systems

In a system that includes a wire grid polarizer, the polarizer is positioned between a thermal illuminator and a thermal emitter such that energy from the thermal illuminator traveling towards the thermal emitter is transformed into linearly polarized energy. In the system, the thermal emitter is configured to reflect at least a portion of the linearly polarized energy towards a millimeter-wave camera and there is a motor coupled with the wire grid polarizer and configured to rotate the polarizer in a manner that varies an apparent temperature of the thermal emitter based on the reflected portion of the linearly polarized energy.

Contrast phantom for passive millimeter wave imaging systems

The present disclosure is directed to an artificial skin including: a radar absorbing layer; a conductive layer comprising at least one material selected from the group consisting of a semiconductive oxide deposited onto a substrate and an electrically conductive polymer, wherein the substrate is in contact with the radar absorbing layer, and wherein the artificial skin has a reflection coefficient substantially equal to a human skin reflection coefficient, the human skin reflection coefficient being determined at an electromagnetic radiation frequency ranging from 1-500 GHz. A human phantom composed of the artificial skin and methods of using the human phantom are also disclosed.

Artificial skin and human phantom for use in active millimeter wave imaging systems

The present disclosure is directed to a contrast phantom including: at least three regions including: a first region with a first reflection coefficient; a second region with a second reflection coefficient; and a third region with a third reflection coefficient, wherein at least one of the regions includes an electrically conductive material selected from a semiconductive oxide deposited onto a substrate and/or an electrically conductive polymer, wherein the first reflection coefficient, the second reflection coefficient and the third reflection coefficient are increasing or decreasing in value in discrete steps, and wherein the electrically conductive material includes a thickness of about 200 &#x3bc;m. Methods of using the present contrast phantom are also described.

In a system having a thermal backdrop () and a thermal illuminator (), the thermal backdrop includes a body having a top face; a contrast phantom () positioned above the top face and aligned substantially parallel with the top face; and a reflective layer () located between the body and the contrast phantom and aligned substantially parallel with the top face. The thermal illuminator radiates thermal energy () in a first direction towards the contrast phantom; wherein the first direction is aligned with the top face such that when the thermal energy is radiated in the first direction a first portion of the thermal energy is absorbed by the contrast phantom and a second portion () is reflected by the reflective layer towards a millimeter-wave camera () in a second direction. Furthermore, the contrast phantom has a plurality of different portions (A,B,C,D), each portion having a different respective thickness along the first direction.

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Vineland, NJ, United States of America

Jeffrey Brian Barber