Microsoft Technology Licensing, LLC

Jeffrey B Hamblin

Richard Bruce Ward

Kedarnath Atmaram Dubhashi

Peter T Brundrett

Robert P Reichel

Raja Pazhanivel Perumal

Paul J Leach

Scott Field

Praerit Garg

Thekkthalackal Varugis Kurien

Narasimha Rao S S Nagampalli

Anne C Hopkins

Ran Kalach

Paul Adrian Oltean

Anders Samuelsson

Thomas C Jones

Bhalchandra Pandit

Nir Ben-Zvi

Jonathan D Schwartz

Klaus U Schutz

Matthias Hermann Wollnik

Ziquan Li

Joseph M Sherman

Saurabh Gupta

Clyde Law

Justin Neddo

Described is a technology by which access to a resource is determined by evaluating a resource label of the resource against a user claim of an access request, according to policy decoupled from the resource. The resource may be a file, and the resource label may be obtained by classifying the file into classification properties, such that a change to the file may change its resource label, thereby changing which users have access to the file. The resource label-based access evaluation may be logically combined with a conventional ACL-based access evaluation to determine whether to grant or deny access to the resource.

Controlling resource access based on resource properties

A scope hierarchy corresponding to a resource to which a type of access is requested is identified, the scope hierarchy including multiple scope levels each of which has an associated access control list. An access control list associated with a lower scope level can further restrict access permitted to the resource by an access control list associated with a higher scope level. Based at least in part on one or more of the access control lists associated with the multiple scope levels, a determination is made as to whether the requested type of access to the resource is permitted.

Resource access based on multiple scope levels

A virtual disk is comprised of segments of unused capacity of physical computer-readable storage media co-located with computing devices that are communicationally coupled to one another through network communications. The computing devices execute one or more of a client process, a storage process and a controller process. The controller processes manage the metadata of the virtual disk, including a virtual disk topology that defines the relationships between certain ones of the physical computer-readable storage media and a particular virtual disk. The client process provide data for storage to certain ones of the computing devices executing the storage processes, as defined by a virtual disk topology, and also read data from storage from those computing devices. The client process additionally expose the virtual disk in the same manner as any other computer-readable medium.

Virtual disks constructed from unused distributed storage

The contemplated embodiments of the invention provide a method for implementing a mandatory integrity control (MIC) system that provides access control for each and every object and subject that need access control, but in a way that allows legacy operating systems to continue with little modification. The invention provides a novel method that selects an integrity level designator for a subject, when the subject logs onto the computer system. The selected integrity level designator is then added to an existing data structure in the computer system. The existing data structure may be a part of a security descriptor stored in a system access control list of an object. The existing data structure may be a part of a list of security permissions that constitute an access token for a process executing as a subject.

Mandatory integrity control

At computer device power on, the operating system of the computer device initiates a monitor. The monitor assigns a monitoring program to each program and object (collectively, 'program') running on the computer device to monitor the activities of the program. When the monitoring program is assigned to a program, the monitoring program is assigned an integrity and/or privacy label (collectively, 'integrity label') based on predetermined criteria applied to the monitored program. The monitoring program, in turn, assigns an integrity label to the program monitored by the monitoring program. The integrity label assigned to the monitored program is less than or equal to the integrity label of the monitoring program. The monitor enforces an integrity policy of the computer device based on the integrity label assigned to monitored programs and the integrity label associated with data, another program, or a remote network resource that the monitored program is seeking to access.

Integrating security protection tools with computer device integrity and privacy policy

An operating system for a computing device has a first session for a user that includes a first base process that has a first privileges token attached thereto. The first privileges token includes substantially a full set of privileges of the user on the operating system. The operating system also has a second session for the user that includes a second base process that has a second privileges token attached thereto. The second privileges token is derived from the first privileges token and includes only a minimum set of privileges of the user on the operating system. Thus, the second, limited token does not have all privileges associated with the first, full token but instead has a limited set of privileges and not extra privileges that could be employed to take actions that would be harmful, deceptive, or malicious.

Providing user on computer operating system with full privileges token and limited privileges token

A dynamic authorization callback mechanism is provided that implements a dynamic authorization model. An application can thus implement virtually any authorization policy by utilizing dynamic data and flexible policy algorithms inherent in the dynamic authorization model. Dynamic data, such as client operation parameter values, client attributes stored in a time-varying or updateable data store, run-time or environmental factors such as time-of-day, and any other static or dynamic data that is managed or retrievable by the application may be evaluated in connection with access control decisions. Hence, applications may define and implement business rules that can be expressed in terms of run-time operations and dynamic data. An application thus has substantial flexibility in defining and implementing custom authorization policy, and at the same time provides standard definitions for such dynamic data and policy.

System and methods for providing dynamic authorization in a computer system

A hashing structure including multiple sub-hashes is used to determine whether an input value matches one or more of multiple target values. These values can be of any form, such as security identifiers in an access control system. To make the determination, a hash key is obtained from the input value and multiple sub-hash indexes (one for each of the multiple sub-hashes) are generated based on the key. Values are identified from the multiple sub-hashes by indexing into the sub-hashes using respective ones of the sub-hash indexes. These values are then combined to generate a resultant hash value. Each of the multiple target values corresponds to one of multiple portions of the resultant hash value. If the portion corresponding to one of the target values has a particular value, then that target value is a likely match and is compared to the input value to determine if indeed the two match. This comparison can then be repeated for each target value with a corresponding portion in the resultant hash value that has the particular value.

Hashing using multiple sub-hashes

An authorization handle is supported for each access policy determination that is likely to be repeated. In particular, an authorization handle may be assigned to access check results associated with the same discretionary access control list and the same client context. This likelihood may be determined based upon pre-set criteria for the application or service, based on usage history and the like. Once an access policy determination is assigned an authorization handle, the static maximum allowed access is cached for that policy determination. From access check to access check, the set of permissions desired by the client may change, and dynamic factors that might affect the overall privilege grant may also change; however, generally there is still a set of policies that is unaffected by the changes and common across access requests. The cached static maximum allowed access data is thus used to provide efficient operations for the evaluation of common policy sets. In systems having access policy evaluations that are repeated, authorization policy evaluations are more efficient, computer resources are free for other tasks, and performance improvements are observed.

System and methods for caching in connection with authorization in a computer system

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Issaquah, WA, United States of America

Jeffrey B Hamblin