P-Brane, LLC

Red Sky Subsea, Ltd.

Jay P Morreale

Stephen G Evangelides, Jr

Michael J Neubelt

Described herein are solid-state devices based on graphene in a Field Effect Transistor (FET) structure that emits high frequency Electromagnetic (EM) radiation using one or more DC electric fields and periodic magnetic arrays or periodic nanostructures. A number of devices are described that are capable of generating and emitting electromagnetic radiation.

Graphene-based solid state devices capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation and improvements thereof

A method is provided for using optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) with a bi-directional optical transmission system that includes a plurality of terminals interconnected by first and second unidirectional optical transmission paths having at least one repeater therein. The method begins by transmitting a probe signal from a first terminal through the repeater over the first optical transmission path. A returned OTDR signal is received over the first optical transmission path in which status information concerning the first optical transmission path is embodied. The returned OTDR signal is transformed to a digitized electrical signal and the digitized electrical signal is transformed to an optical data signal. Finally, the optical data signal is transmitted over the second optical transmission path to the first terminal for extracting the status information embodied therein.

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Summit, NJ, United States of America

Jay P Morreale