University of California

The United States of America As Represented by the United States

Jay C Davis

Kenneth W Turteltaub

John S Vogel

James S Felton

Barton L Gledhill

Larry H Stanker

Mark L Roberts

Disclosed is a method of quantifying molecules in biological substances comprising:

Method of measurement in biological systems

Disclosed is a method for detection of long-lived radioisotopes in small bio-chemical samples, comprising:

Method for detection of long-lived radioisotopes in small biochemical

Disclosed is a method of quantifying molecules in biological substances, comprising:

Apparatus for ionizing and accelerating a sample containing isotopes of hydrogen and detecting the ratios of hydrogen isotopes contained in the sample is disclosed. An ion source generates a substantially linear ion beam including ions of tritium from the sample. A radio-frequency quadrupole accelerator is directly coupled to and axially aligned with the source at an angle of substantially zero degrees. The accelerator accelerates species of the sample having different mass to different energy levels along the same axis as the ion beam. A spectrometer is used to detect the concentration of tritium ions in the sample. In one form of the invention, an energy loss spectrometer is used which includes a foil to block the passage of hydrogen, deuterium and .sup.3 He ions, and a surface barrier or scintillation detector to detect the concentration of tritium ions. In another form of the invention, a combined momentum/energy loss spectrometer is used which includes a magnet to separate the ion beams, with Faraday cups to measure the hydrogen and deuterium and a surface barrier or scintillation detector for the tritium ions.

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Livermore, CA, United States of America

Jay C Davis