Roche Sequencing Solutions, Inc.

Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.

Genia Technologies, Inc.

Roche Diagnostics Gmbh

F. Hoffmann-la Roche Ag

Jason Komadina

Geoffrey A Barrall

John S Foster

Charlotte Yang

Marcin Rojek

J William Maney

Takeshi Harada

Pirooz Parvarandeh

Janusz B Wojtowicz

Robert A Yuan

Eric Takeshi Harada

Markus Wallgren

Marowen Ng

Wing Kei Au

Janusz B Wójtowicz

George John Carman

Geoffrey Barrall

J William Maney Jr

Systems and methods for inserting a single pore into a membrane under faradaic conditions are described herein. A stepped or ramped voltage waveform can be applied across the membranes of the cells of an array, where the voltage waveform starts at first voltage and increases in magnitude over a period of time to a second voltage. The voltage waveform has a polarity that maintains a first species of a redox couple in its current oxidation state. The first voltage is selected to be low enough to reduce the risk of damaging the membrane, while the rate of voltage increase is selected to provide sufficient time for the pores to insert into the membranes. Once a pore is inserted into the membrane, the voltage across the membrane rapidly drops, thereby reducing the risk of damaging the membrane even if the applied voltage between the electrodes is further increased.

Faradaic systems and methods for self-limiting protein pore insertion in amembrane

A nanopore cell includes a conductive layer. The nanopore cell further includes a titanium nitride (TiN) working electrode disposed above the conductive layer. The nanopore cell further includes insulating walls disposed above the TiN working electrode, wherein the insulating walls and the TiN working electrode form a well into which an electrolyte may be contained. In some embodiments, the TiN working electrode comprises a spongy and porous TiN working electrode that is deposited by a deposition technique with conditions tuned to deposit sparsely-spaced TiN columnar structures or columns of TiN crystals above the conductive layer.

Use of titanium nitride as an electrode in non-faradaic electrochemical cell

Techniques for replacing nanopores within a nanopore based sequencing chip are provided. A first electrolyte solution is added to the external reservoir of the sequencing chip, introducing an osmotic imbalance between the reservoir and the well chamber located on the opposite side of a lipid bilayer membrane. The osmotic imbalance causes the membrane to change shape, and a nanopore within the membrane to be ejected. A second electrolyte solution is then added to the external reservoir to provide replacement nanopores and to restore the membrane shape. The replacement nanopores can be inserted into the membrane, effectively replacing the initial pore without causing the destruction of the membrane.

Removing and reinserting protein nanopores in a membrane using osmotic imbalance

Disclosed herein are ruthenium-containing materials, such as ruthenium containing materials having a double layer capacitance ranging from between about 180 pF/umto about 320 pF/um. In some embodiments, the ruthenium-containing materials are suitable for use in electrodes. In some embodiments, the ruthenium-containing materials are suitable for use in nanopore sequencing devices.

Nanopore sequencing device comprising ruthenium-containing electrodes

Systems and methods for inserting a single pore into a membrane are described herein. A stepped or ramped voltage waveform can be applied across the membranes of the cells of an array, where the voltage waveform starts at first voltage and increases in magnitude over a period of time to a second voltage. The first voltage is selected to be low enough to reduce the risk of damaging the membrane, while the rate of voltage increase is selected to provide sufficient time for the pores to insert into the membranes. Once a pore is inserted into the membrane, the voltage across the membrane rapidly drops, thereby reducing the risk of damaging the membrane even if the applied voltage between the electrodes is further increased.

Systems and methods for self-limiting protein pore insertion in a membrane

A method of analyzing a molecule is disclosed. A lipid bilayer is formed such that it divides a first reservoir characterized by a first reservoir osmolarity from a second reservoir characterized by a second reservoir osmolarity. An electrolyte solution is flowed to the first reservoir that tends to make a first change to a ratio of the first reservoir osmolarity to the second reservoir osmolarity. A voltage is applied across the lipid bilayer, wherein the lipid bilayer is inserted with a nanopore, and wherein a net transfer of ions between the first reservoir and the second reservoir tends to make a second change to the ratio of the first reservoir osmolarity to the second reservoir osmolarity, and wherein the first change to the ratio and the second change to the ratio tends to counter-balance each other.

Counteracting osmotic imbalance in a sequencing cell

A nanopore cell includes a titanium nitride (TiN) counter electrode configured to be at a first electric potential. The nanopore cell also include a working electrode configured to be at a second electric potential and an insulating wall. The insulating wall and the working electrode form at least a portion of a well configured to contain an electrolyte at a voltage that is at least a portion of an electric potential difference between the first electric potential of the titanium nitride counter electrode and the second electric potential of the working electrode.

Use of titanium nitride as a counter electrode

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Fremont, CA, United States of America

Jason Komadina