Shell Oil Comapny

Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij, B.v.

Jannetje De Waal

Pieter A Verbrugge

Harold J Vinegar

Scott Lee Wellington

David W Sopher

The invention provides a process for the preparation of N-benzoylcarbamates of general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group or a trifluoromethyl group, R.sup.2 represents a halogen atom, a C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-4 alkoxy group or a trifluoromethyl group, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group, and R represents a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group optionally substituted by one or more halogen atoms or a phenyl group optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms and methyl groups, characterized by reacting an alkali metal salt of a benzamide of general formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, with a carbonate of formula

Process for preparing carbamates, and intermediates therein

Methods are provided for determining mechanical and petrophysical properties (density, porosity, bulk compressibility, Young's modulus, Poisson's Ratio) of a material undergoing mechanical deformation studies with an imaging (CT, NMR) apparatus. The methods may also be used to measure and depict any fractures in the material.

Method for analysis of failure of material employing imaging

Apparatus is provided for performing mechanical deformation studies of a sample of material to determine mechanical and petrophysical properties of such a sample. The apparatus is useful in conjunction with an imaging (NMR or CAT) apparatus.

Apparatus for analysis of failure of material

Process for the preparation of a compound of formula or a salt thereof ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a group of formula R.sub.2 SO.sub.2 or phenyl--CH(R.sub.3)-- wherein R.sub.2 represents a phenyl, tolyl or C.sub.1-4 alkyl group and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a phenyl or C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, which process comprises contacting nickel in an oxidation state of at least 3 with a 3-hydroxymethyl azetidine derivative of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a group of formula R.sub.2 SO.sub.2 or phenyl--CH(R.sub.3)-- and R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxymethyl group or a group of formula COOH or a salt thereof, followed, where R.sub.5 is not a hydrogen atom, by the decarboxylation of the compound of the 3,3-dicarboxylic intermediate product or a salt thereof and, if desired to produce a compound in which R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, by deprotection of the N-atom. Also, novel N-substituted azetidine carboxylate derivatives of the formula ##STR3## wherein X represents a group CH.sub.2 OH or COOY where Y represents a hydrogen or an alkali or alkaline earth metal atom.

N-substituted azetidine carboxylate derivatives

Preparation of azetidine-3-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof from N-benzylazetidine-3-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof by catalytically hydrogenating the N-benzylazetidine-3-carboxylic compound in the presence of water, formate ions, and ammonium and/or alkylammonium ions. Novel ammonium and alkylammonium salts are claimed.

Catalytic hydrogenolysis

Process for the preparation of a compound of formula or a salt thereof ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a group of formula R.sub.2 SO.sub.2 or phenyl--CH(R.sub.3)--wherein R.sub.2 represents a phenyl, tolyl or C.sub.1-4 alkyl group and R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a phenyl of C.sub.1-4 alkyl group, which process comprises contacting nickel in an oxidation state of at least 3 with a 3-hydroxymethyl azetidine derivative of formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.4 represents a group of formula R.sub.2 SO.sub.2 or phenyl--CH(R.sub.3)--and R.sub.5 represents a hydrogen atom or a hydroxymethyl group or a group of formula COOH or a salt thereof, followed, where R.sub.5 is not a hydrogen atom, by the decarboxylation of the compound of the 3,3-dicarboxylic intermediate product or a salt thereof and, if desired to produce a compound in which R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, by deprotection of the N-atom. Also, novel N-substituted azetidine carboxylate derivatives of the formula ##STR3## wherein X represents a group CH.sub.2 OH or COOY where Y represents a hydrogen or an alkali or alkaline earth metal atom.

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Amsterdam, Netherlands

Jannetje De Waal