Solenne Bv

Akzo N.v.

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

University of California

Nano-c, Inc.

Rijksuniversiteit Te Groningen

Jan Cornelis Hummelen

David F Kronholm

Alexander B Sieval

Hans Wynberg

Patrick Van't Hof

Johannes Martinus Kroon

Wilhelmus Johannus Hermanus Verhees

René Albert Johan Janssen

Joop Knol

Martinus Maria Wienk

Theo M Luider

Alan J Heeger

Benjamin R Mattes

Victor I Klimov

Duncan W McBranch

Jeanne M Robinson

N S Sariciftci

Aaron C Koskelo

Johannes N Koek

Myoungsik Cha

Laura B Smilowitz

Egbert W Meijer

Rene Albert Janssen

Wilhelmus Johannus Verhees

The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reducedOgeneration. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived ketolactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reducedOgeneration.

Compounds and formulations suitable for radical scavenging

Disclosed are compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives with utility in organic semiconductors, and methods of making and using such compositions. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to compositions of mixed fullerene derivatives further comprising one or more additional fullerene-based components within specified ranges. In certain other embodiments, the invention relates to methods of producing mixed fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene starting materials, or pure fullerene derivatives of a specific composition from mixed fullerene derivatives. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to semiconductors and devices comprising a composition of the invention.

Blends of fullerene derivatives, and uses thereof in electronic devices

The present invention relates to compositions and methods of using free radical scavengers with reducedOgeneration. In certain embodiments, these compositions and methods of use relate to fullerene-derived ketolactams and fullerene-derived keto lactam derivatives, fullerene derivatives, and/or fullerenes. In yet other embodiments, the invention relates to cosmetic or dermatological compositions comprising said free radical scavengers with reducedOgeneration.

The present invention relates to a photodiode, comprising a photo-active layer which layer comprises at least one electron donating material, and at least one fullerene derivative as an electron accepting material. The present invention further relates to a method for making such a photo diode, to a photo-active layer and to a fullerene derivative.

Organic material photodiode

The present invention relates to a photodiode including a photo-active layer, which layer includes at least one electron donating material, and at least one fullerene derivative as an electron accepting material. The present invention further relates to a method for making such a photodiode, to a photo-active layer and to a fullerene derivative.

Chemically functionalized fullerenes are useful in various applications as radical scavengers. These chemically functionalized fullerenes offer the advantages of preservation of the high innate radical scavenging efficiency of the fullerene cage and ease of synthesis of fullerene derivatives of desirably altered chemical and physical properties and single isomers. Further, they are based on a common intermediate chemistry and intermediates can be easily functionalized and tailored to various requirements.

Higher fullerenes useful as radical scavengers

Optical limiting materials. Methanofullerenes, fulleroids and/or other fullerenes chemically altered for enhanced solubility, in liquid solution, and in solid blends with transparent glass (SiO.sub.2) gels or polymers, or semiconducting (conjugated) polymers, are shown to be useful as optical limiters (optical surge protectors). The nonlinear absorption is tunable such that the energy transmitted through such blends saturates at high input energy per pulse over a wide range of wavelengths from 400-1100 nm by selecting the host material for its absorption wavelength and ability to transfer the absorbed energy into the optical limiting composition dissolved therein. This phenomenon should be generalizable to other compositions than substituted fullerenes.

Optical limiting materials

Thermochemically induced luminescence is generated in a fluorescent labeled organic compound containing a covalently bonded fluorescent label which is a polycyclic aromatic radical having at least three linearly fused benzene rings and capable of being excited to a fluorescent electronic excited state by energy transfer from an energy donor molecule or radical having an electronic excited state, by a process comprising generating an energy donor radical or molecule by a thermochemical reaction in the presence of the fluorescent label. The energy donor radical may be generated by a chemical reaction in the presence of the fluorescent labeled organic compound or the fluorescent labeled compound itself may be additionally labeled with a radical capable of being excited to an electronic excited state by a thermochemical reaction, i.e., by a process initiated by adsorption of thermal energy.

Chemiluminescent labeled organic reagents and their use in analysis of

Thermochemiluminescent complexes of an adamanthylideneadamantane 1,2-dioxetane and a cyclodextrin are non-volatile at the temperatures used to excite the thermochemiluminescence. The complexes can be encapsulated in immunosensitized microcapsules, e.g., liposomes, to provide a labeled immunoreagent useful in immunoassay using thermochemiluminescent labeled immunoreagents.

Thermochemiluminescent cyclodextrin complexes

A solid phase immunoassay comprises the steps of

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Jan Cornelis Hummelen