U.S. Philips Corporation

Jan Boven

Dirk Jan Broer

Jan Van Der Veen

Arian Molenaar

Henricus M Van Den Bogaert

A method of manufacturing a laminated element, in which a substrate 1 is provided with a coating 2 of a liquid-crystalline monomer, in accordance with formula 1, which is oriented by means of an external force, in particular a magnetic field 3, and subsequently subjected to radiation 4, so that a pattern 5 of coating 2 is polymerized and the orientation is fixed, as well as a laminated element, such as an optical component, obtained in accordance with the method.

Method of manufacturing a laminated element and the element thus obtained

Electroless copper plating bath containing a copper salt, a complexing agent, alkali and by way of reducing agent a complex of formaldehyde with an aminocarboxylic acid, -sulphonic acid or -phosphonic acid. Consequently, decomposition of the bath is greatly reduced and furthermore copper of a superior quality is obtained.

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Waalre, Netherlands

Jan Boven