Nippon Sheet Glass Company, Limited

Other

E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

USA As Represented by Secretary of the Navy

Savin Corporation

International Bioaccess Systems Corporation

James R Young

Norman A Peppers

Kazuo Katsuki

Gerald A Pierce

Hisami Nishi

Gregory Kent Myers

Hiroshi Ueno

Shuhei Tanaka

Allan F Falcoff

Jan H Kremers

James A Baer

Robert W Hammon

A snowmobile having a frame, a track, a drive for the track and idler wheels supporting the track. The drive wheels each being molded from a single piece of thermoplastic material and have hub openings and inclined track engaging surfaces molded in place.

Plastic wheel

A matrix-vector multiplication apparatus for performing a matrix operation at high speed and in a wide dynamic range, i.e., high precision, wherein an input vector is displayed with radiance of pixels, a display image is replicated into many images through an optical system. Component multiplications and partial summing between rows or columns of the matrix and the input vector are simultaneously performed by a light transmissive mask having transmitance proportional to one digit value of multi-scale (three or more) matrix component and a photosensor. Parallel channels each assigned to a different digit of the matrix component calculates the partial sums and a power-of-m (m is the number of scales) scaling summer connected to the parallel channels electrically produces components of an output vector.

Matrix-vector multiplication apparatus

An electrical device for measuring the dry film thickness of a paint film applied to a conductive coating adhered to a plastic substrate without destroying the film; the device contains the followintg components: a. an electric sensing device of two separate electrodes isolated from each other and positioned in a material capable of conforming to the surface of the film being measured where the sensing device is placed in contact with the surface of the film and measured under a uniform and reproducible pressure; b. a gain and phase measuring device electrically connected to the sensing device for measuring the gain and phase of an alternating current electrical signal passed from one electrode through the film and conductive coating to the second electrode; c. a device electrically associated with the gain and phase measuring device which measures the gain and phase signals of the overall circuit of the two electrodes, the paint film and conductive coating and from the gain and phase signals calculates the thickness of the paint film and the resistance of the conductive coating.

Contact measuring device for determining the dry film thickness of a

An optical pattern extracting apparatus has sets of strip-like photodetection elements oriented in horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions for decomposing a displayed character to be recognized, the photodetection elements are distributed in a large number of parallel microimage channels generated through an optical image multiplication system and the photodetection elements cover a display area of the character without their photodetection areas overlapping each other.

Optical pattern extracting apparatus

In an image correlation calculation apparatus for optically calculating correlations between reference patterns and an image such as a character or any other figure, the image such as the character or any other figure subjected to correlation calculations is optically multiplied by a multiplier to form simultaneously in parallel a plurality of optical pattern images of a substantially identical shape, and optical correlation calculation between the plurality of optical pattern images and the reference patterns formed on various types of reference masks is performed individually and instantaneously, the various type of reference masks being arranged at a position spaced apart by a predetermined distance from the plurality of optical pattern image, thereby detecting beams emitted through the various types of reference masks. Image multiplication, optical correlation calculation, and transmission of the result of the optical correlation calculation to the photosensors can be simultaneously performed at a light propagation time. The apparatus structure can be simplified at low cost, and image correlation operations can be performed at high speed.

Image correlation calculation apparatus

In an apparatus for extracting primitive patterns included in an image such as a character or any other figure, the image subjected to primitive pattern extraction is optical multiplied by a multiplier to form simultaneously in parallel a plurality of optical pattern images of a substantially identical shape, and optical correlation calculation between the plurality of optical pattern images and the primitive patterns which are formed in the various types of primitive masks is performed individually and instantaneously, the various type of primitive masks being arranged at a position spaced apart by a predetermined distance therefrom, thereby detecting beams emitted through the various types of primitive masks. Image multiplication, optical correlation calculation between the primitive pattern and the optical pattern image, and transmission of the result of the optical correlation calculation to the photosensors can be simultaneously performed at the light propagation speed. The apparatus structure can be simplified at low cost, and primitive pattern extraction operations can be performed at high speed.

Apparatus for detecting primitive patterns in an image

In a mask for transmitting a light subjected to a projection on a predetermined position and for detecting the light, transmittances of the mask are distributed in correspondence with a statistical distribution of the predetermined positions of the light. Information represented by optical signals can be detected with a high probability.

Mask

In an image recognition apparatus for identifying an input image such as a character, any other graphic pattern or the like by comparing the input image with a plurality of reference image, an optical image recognition means simultaneously performs image information detection processing of a plurality of optical pattern images of substantially an identical shape obtained by multiplying the input image, thereby detecting a plurality of image information data corresponding to the plurality of optical pattern images and hence identifies the input image. When the input image cannot be identified by the optical image recognition means, an electronic image recognition means performs digital correlation calculations for limited ones of the reference images according to the above image information data. Therefore, image recognition can be performed by an inexpensive apparatus at high speed, and a high throughput can be obtained. In addition, a high recognition rate can be obtained.

Image recognition apparatus

In an apparatus for simultaneously extracting various types of projection features of an image such as a character or any other figure, an image whose projection features are to be extracted is optically multiplied by a multiplier (4) to form a plurality of optical image each having a substantially identical shape, and the plurality of images are independently supplied to a plurality of detecting means (5A) to simultaneously obtain the various types of projection features. The arrangement of the apparatus can be simplified at low cost, and at the same time, parallel extraction of the projection features can be achieved within a short period of time. Various types of projection features can be simply obtained as needed.

Apparatus for simultaneously extracting various types of projection

A matrix operation apparatus for performing a matrix operation at high speed and in a wide dynamic range, i.e., high precision, wherein an input vector is displayed with radiance of pixels, a display image is replicated through an optical system, component multiplications and partial summing between rows or columns of the matrix and the input vector are simultaneously performed by a transparent/opaque mask representing a binary-valued matrix component and a photosensor, parallel channels, each assigned to different bit of the matrix component calculates the partial sums and a power-of-2 scaling summer connected to the parallel channels electrically produces components of an output vector.

Disclosed is an apparatus for enlarging or reducing an image pattern, wherein the image pattern and a pair of parallel image sensors are moved relative to each other to read the image pattern, the size of the image pattern along the moving direction is calculated on the basis of an output from one image sensor, a read clock frequency of the other image sensor is controlled on the calculated size of the image pattern, and thus enlargement or reduction of the image pattern along the moving direction can be easily performed.

Apparatus for enlarging or reducing an image pattern

In an apparatus for analyzing local features of a character or any other figures, an extraction of the local features is performed by correlation calculations using a plurality of first reference masks, an analysis associated with combinations of the extracted local feature is performed by pattern matchings using a plurality of second reference masks, and the extraction and the analysis are performed optically and simultaneously with respect to the plurality of reference masks, respectively. Therefore, the local features analysis can be performed at high speed and accurately.

Local feature analysis apparatus

In an apparatus for serially performing simultaneous feature processing and similarity discrimination of an image such as a character or any other figure, an input image is multiplied by a first multiplier into a plurality of optical pattern images which are respectively supplied to means for detecting different types of projection features. The means for detecting different types of projection features simultaneously performs different types of projection operations of the input image. The optical pattern image obtained by converting a vector corresponding to the different types of projection features is displayed on a vector display. The optical pattern image displayed on the display is multiplied by a second multiplier into optical images which are then respectively supplied to different types of reference masks. Optical pattern matching between the optical images from the second multiplier and the different types of reference patterns is simultaneously performed.

Simultaneous projection feature analysis apparatus

In a lines and character separation apparatus for separating lines and characters in a document page, the separation being a step in pattern recognition, images are multiplied from one area within the page, a plurality of photosensor arrays are used which have different alignment directions of pluralities of light-receiving elements thereof and which are respectively paired with the multiple images, and the lines and the characters can be separated at high speed.

Lines and characters separation apparatus

In a page segmentor for dividing a page into areas each having a single feature, the division being performed as preprocessing for pattern recognition, one of the areas within the page is multiplied into multiple images, a feature of each area is extracted according to the presence or absence of each of pairs between the multiple images and a plurality of different masks, and the page is divided into areas until each area has a single feature. High-speed page segmentation can be achieved so as to obtain a desired feature.

Growing community of inventors

Palo Alto, CA, United States of America

James R Young