Imperial Chemical Industries Limited

James N Greenshields

Bernard Tury

George Hull

A new method for the preparation of acetals of long chain fatty aliphatic aldehydes and polyols containing four or more hydroxyl groups which produces the acetals in a relatively pure form by reaction in a mutual solvent, preferably a C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 fatty carboxylic acid. The `clean` acetals are useful emulsifying agents and their esters and polyalkoxy substituents are useful dispersants and surfactants for aqueous compositions.

Acetals

Preparation of acetals

Dyeing shaped articles made of polyacrylonitrile, copolymers or blends thereof, with cationic dyestuffs characterised in that the dyeing is carried out in the presence of a quaternary ammonium compound of the formula: ##EQU1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represent alkyl or alkenyl groups and R.sup.4 represents an alkyl group or hydrogen, at least one of said groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 having at least eight and not more than eighteen carbon atoms and the remainder from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X represents an anion, Y represents hydrogen or methyl and n is zero or an average of from 1-30.

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Stockport, United Kingdom

James N Greenshields