Northrop Corporation

Other

Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation

James M Rowe

Rudolph W Modster

Paul Kraatz

John W Tully

V Warren Biricik

Wesley J Thompson

Vahram W Biricik

Samuel J Holmes

John W Stephenson

Optical coatings and methods of fabricating the same. According to a preferred embodiment, the optical coatings comprise polymeric films formed from the disassociation of chemical products from a gaseous hydrocarbon in plasma. The disassociation process is performed in low-pressure environment and without radio frequency substrate bias. The resultant optical coatings have superior stability, durability and flexibility and may be utilized on highly flexible substrates. The coatings of the present invention can additionally be utilized for multi-layer optical designs and further, may be doped with a polar material to thus cause the coating to possess a desired index of refraction.

Flexible, highly durable, transparent optical coatings

A rail for pickup truck side walls, made of structural steel, that does not need as many braces to ensure its strength. The rail is secured to the truck bed at the ends of the rail. Along the rail are posts, but these posts do not extend down to the truck bed sides. They end short of the bed sides, leaving a space. This space allows a rope to be passed under the post, thereby making the job of tying down objects much simpler. The posts are also tapered from top to bottom (narrower at the top, wider at the bottom). This allows the posts to be used as tie points, with the ability to keep the rope from slipping. Thus, these rails and posts have the benefits of the rails without the problems typically found with ordinary posts. The rails are sized for long or short bends. On longer beds, a double rail system can be used.

Support bar with tie-down posts, for pick-up trucks and the like

Methods are disclosed for making semiconductor windows which are transparent to light in the infrared range which have good electrical conductivity and are formed of a substrate material (11) having a semiconductor coating (14) having a dopant included therein. The coating is diffused, grown or deposited on one surface of the substrate and is controlled to obtain both low electrical resistivity and high infrared transmissivity. The coating can be formed of the same material as the substrate or can be a different material. Windows having particular thermal properties are formed utilizing zinc selenide and zinc sulfide as the substrate.

Method of manufacture of optically transparent electrically conductive

Upper and lower surfaces of each intake valve, an upper surface of each piston, and an interior piston facing surface of each cylinder head of an internal combustion engine are textured to create a controlled turbulence in an air-fuel mixture flowing to and entering a combustion chamber. The surface texture preferably comprises generally concentric grooves and ramps machined into the surfaces.

Apparatus for the generation of turbulence in internal combustion engines

A semiconductor window which is transparent to light in the infrared range and which has good electrical conductivity is formed of a substrate material having a semiconductor coating having a dopant included therein. The coating is diffused, grown or deposited on one surface of the substrate and is controlled to obtain both low electrical resistivity and high infrared transmissivity. The coating can be formed of the same material as the substrate or can be a different material. Windows having particular thermal properties are formed utilizing zinc selenide and zinc sulfide as the substrate.

Optically transparent electrically conductive semiconductor windows

A semiconductor window which is transparent to light in the infrared range and which has good electrical conductivity is formed with a substrate of semi-conductor material which has a conduction modifying dopant diffused, grown or deposited on one surface thereof to a substantial depth so that a layer thereof exhibits reduced resistance to a value below 10 ohms/square. Anti-reflection dielectric layers are stacked on both outer surfaces thereof. The dielectric substrate may be of silicon, germanium or gallium arsenide depending on the transparency bandwidth of interest. The thickness of the substrate and the doping of the surface thereof is closely controlled to obtain both low electrical resistivity and high optical transmissivity.

Optically transparent electrically conductive semiconductor windows and

Methods are disclosed for the manufacture of optical conductive transparent windows and coatings having high transparency over a wide bandwidth combined with a large acceptance angle of incidence. Particulars for making windows and coatings with gold films of high transparency and low sheet resistance using specified nucleating and barrier layers are given. Examples include windows and coatings constructed for operation in the infrared and ultraviolet.

Transparent conductive windows, coatings, and method of manufacture

A laser or other light beam is directed onto an optical substrate while an optical coating is being vacuum deposited thereon. The laser has a wavelength at or near that at which a reduced absorptance of the coating is desired. In one embodiment, the substrate is heated electrically. Thin film optical coatings having a substantially lowered absorptance are made in this manner.

Method of reducing optical coating absorptance

A speckle pattern interferometer for use in the non-destructive testing of structures employs a laser beam which is split into reference and object beams having substantially the same optical path lengths to the screen of a sensor, such as a vidicon, where the two beams are combined. The object beam is reflected from the surface of an object under investigation, this object being vibrated periodically. The reference beam passes through an optical fiber cut to the proper length to equalize the length of the reference beam path with that of the object beam. The output of the vidicon is fed to an electronic processor where the signals are appropriately processed to provide a speckle pattern display on a monitor viewing screen.

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Torrance, CA, United States of America

James M Rowe