Ferro Corporation

Albemarle Corporation

James C. Gill

James L. Dever

James L Dever

James C Gill

Larry J Baldwin

James D Kinder

Mannat C Menon

Steven D Phillips

Kevin M Sonby

Daniel P Taylor

Cyril J Yaggi

Anthony F Guerini, Jr

A brominated polystyrene product made by the process comprising pretreating a solution of a polystyrene reactant comprising from about five to about 20 percent by weight of the polystyrene reactant, in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent with at least about 0.1 percent by weight of an additive to suppress halogenation of the polystyrene backbone, prior to brominating the polystyrene in the presence of a catalyst; subsequently adding a metal halide bromination catalyst to the solution, capable of effecting bromination of the ring without causing crosslinking of the polystyrene; adding to the solution from about 1 to about 3.4 moles of a brominating agent, per mole of polystyrene repeating units; reacting the polystyrene with the brominating agent at a temperature of from about &minus;20&deg; C. to about 50&deg; C., and isolating the brominated polystyrene. A brominated polystyrene is provided having a backbone halogen content of less than about 750 ppm and a &Dgr;E color of from about 5 go about 19.

Brominated polystyrene having improved thermal stability and color and process for the preparation thereof

The present invention provides a new and improved method of producing halogen-free oligomeric olefin monoamines which avoids the use of costly high-pressure and high-temperature equipment. In one embodiment the method comprises epoxidizing a specific class of oligomeric olefins to provide an epoxidized oligomeric olefin, converting the epoxidized oligomeric olefin to an aldehyde, converting the aldehyde to an oxime and then converting the oxime to an amine. Alternatively, the aldehyde may be formed directly from the oligomeric olefin. In an alternative embodiment, the method comprises converting the aldehyde to a formamide intermediate, and then using hydrolysis to convert the formamide to the oligomeric olefin monoamine. In another preferred embodiment the method includes converting an oligomeric olefin directly to an aldehyde, converting the aldehyde to an oxime and then reducing the oxime to provide the oligomeric olefin monoamine.

Method for making monoamines

A halogen-free hydroxypolyalkene amine composition and a process for production thereof is disclosed. The halogen-free composition is made by epoxidizing polyalkene to form an epoxy intermediate which is subsequently reacted with an excess of an amine compound. Generally, the end product composition contains a plurality of different types of hydroxypolyalkene amines. Such compositions are useful as deposit-control fuel additives.

Halogen-free, deposit-control fuel additives comprising a hydroxypolyalkene amine, and a process for its production

A flame retardant additive comprising a brominated copolymer, wherein the copolymer is a copolymer of styrene and an acrylate or methacrylate monomer defined by the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is a methyl group or hydrogen and R.sub.2 is an organic group having between one and about 18 carbon atoms. A method for imparting flame retardancy to a thermoplastic material without deleteriously impacting the color thereof comprises the step of adding a brominated copolymer to the thermoplastic material, wherein the copolymer is a copolymer of styrene and an acrylate or methacrylate monomer defined by the formula ##STR2## where R.sub.1 is a methyl group or hydrogen and R.sub.2 is an organic group having between one and about 18 carbon atoms. The present invention also includes a brominated copolymer of styrene and an acrylate or methacrylate monomer.

Brominated copolymer flame retardant additives having improved color

The present invention provides a method of producing a flame-retardant polymer comprising mixing one or more polymeric base resins with a source of brominated syndiotactic polystyrene that displays a noncrystalline order and is produced by a process comprising brominating syndiotactic polystyrene in an inert reaction medium that is incapable of dissolving to any appreciable degree syndiotactic polystyrene at ambient temperature and pressure. The produced brominated syndiotactic polystyrene has a melting temperature in excess of about 325.degree. C.

Brominated syndiotactic polystyrene and the use thereof

The present invention provides a new flame-retardant additive comprising brominated syndiotactic polystyrene. The additive has a melting temperature in excess of about 325.degree. C. and it displays a noncrystalline order. The additive also has less than 1500 ppm halogen located on the backbone of the syndiotactic polystyrene as measured in HBr equivalents. The additive provides for better color and improved thermal stability as compared to the use of conventional brominated polystyrene.

The present invention provides a novel oligomeric olefin monoamine for use as an additive in fuel and related products and a method of producing the same. The oligomeric olefin monoamine is free of any undesirable halogens. The method of making the oligomeric olefin includes the steps of forming an oligomeric olefin epoxide, converting the epoxide to an alcohol and then converting the alcohol through the use of ammonia to an oligomeric olefin monoamine.

Monoamines and a method of making the same

In a process for the suppression of backbone halogenation during the bromination of polystyrenes comprising the step of pretreating a solution of a polystyrene reactant comprising from about five to about 20 percent by weight of a polystyrene reactant, in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent with at least about 0.1 percent by weight of an additive to suppress halogenation of the polystyrene backbone prior to brominating the polystyrene in the presence of a catalyst; adding a metal halide bromination catalyst to the solution, capable of effecting bromination of the ring without causing crosslinking of the polystyrene; adding to the solution from about 1 to about 3.4 moles of a brominating agent, per mole of polystyrene repeating units; reacting the polystyrene reactant with the brominating agent at a reaction temperature of from about -20.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C., and isolating the brominated polystyrene. A brominated polystyrene is also provided having a backbone halogen content of less than about 750 ppm and, a .DELTA.E color as low as about 5.

Brominated polystyrene having improved thermal stability and color and

In a process for the preparation of brominated polystyrene, as an additive for polymer matrices to impart flame retardancy, including preparing a solution of a polystyrene reactant comprising from about five to about 20 percent by weight of a polystyrene reactant, in a halogenated hydrocarbon solvent; adding a Lewis acid bromination catalyst to form a solution; adding to the solution from about 1 to about 3.3 moles of a brominating agent, per mole of polystyrene repeating units, and reacting the polystyrene reactant with the brominating agent at a reaction temperature of from about -20.degree. C. to about 50.degree. C.; wherein the improvement comprises controlling the color characteristics of the resultant brominated polystyrene by selecting a polystyrene reactant having a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 1,500,000; selecting a catalytically effective amount of the catalyst on the basis of having a strength sufficient to effect at least monobromination of the polystyrene without inducing alkylation of the polystyrene by the halogenated hydrocarbon solvent; selecting a brominating agent from the group consisting of bromine chloride and bromine; operating at the lowest possible temperature within the range, consistent with the brominating agent and the catalyst selected; and isolating the brominated polystyrene, wherein the color properties of the resultant brominated product are improved by selection and consideration of reaction time and temperature, catalyst, brominating agent and method of product isolation.

Process for the preparation of brominated polystyrene having improved

Brominated polysytrene having improved thermal stability and color and

The present invention provides a new method for making an improved flame-retardant additive comprising a brominated syndiotactic styrenic polymer. The method includes the steps of providing a source of syndiotactic styrenic polymer; providing a source of inert reaction medium that is not capable of dissolving to any appreciable degree the syndiotactic styrenic polymer at ambient temperature and pressure; providing a source of brominating agent; providing a source of Lewis acid catalyst; mixing the syndiotactic styrenic polymer with the inert reaction medium and the Lewis acid catalyst; and reacting the syndiotactic styrenic polymer with the brominating agent to produce a brominated syndiotactic styrenic polymer.

Method for making brominated syndiotactic styrenic polymers

The present invention provides a continuous melt process for the preparation of a zinc oxide/pentaerythritol chemical product comprising the steps of providing a continuous processor having a product feed zone, a reaction zone, and a discharge zone.

Continuous process for the production of a zinc containing chemical

A process for preparing a polybutene amine composition comprises the steps of reacting a chlorinated polybutene with an excess of at least one mole of at least one type of an amine compound per mole of the chlorinated polybutene at a reaction temperature of at least about 100.degree. C.; neutralizing the reaction mixture with a base selected from the group of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal alkoxides and amides with formulation of one of an alcohol or ammonia, respectively; neutralizing any excess base with an acid that will produce essentially no water as a by-product; and recovering the polybutene amine composition, the process including the steps of removing the alcohol or ammonia in a timely fashion; and removing excess of the amine compound.

Process for the production of fuel additives from chlorinated polybutenes

A process for preparing a polybutene amine composition comprises the steps of reacting a chlorinated polybutene with an excess of at least one mole of at least one type of an amine compound per mole of the chlorinated polybutene at a reaction temperature of at least about 100.degree. C.; neutralizing the reaction mixture with a base selected from the group of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal alkoxides and amides with formation of one of an alcohol or ammonia, respectively; neutralizing any excess base with an acid that will produce essentially no water as a by-product; and recovering the polybutene amine composition, the process including the steps of removing the alcohol or ammonia in a timely fashion; and removing excess of the amine compound.

Effective amounts of low molecular weight brominated polystyrenes unexpectedly provide good property retention and yet achieve desired flame retardance, for example, UL-94 VO in high impact polystyrene. In contrast, high molecular weight brominated styrene polymers (degree of polymerization equals 2,000) do not provide good property retention such as impact strength and toughness in high impact polystyrene. The degree of polymerization of the brominated polystyrenes of the present invention is generally from about 3 to about 20 and can have a considerable variation in the amount of halogenation. The high impact polystyrenes blended with the low molecular weight brominated polystyrenes are readily processed by conventional equipment.

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Medina, OH, United States of America

James L Dever